THE CLINICAL OVERVIEW ON NATURAL IMMUNOPOLYSACCHARIDES AS AN ADJUVANT THERAPY OF CANCER

Considering the increasing trend of the cancer rate of numerous organs, efficient treatments are highly required to restrain human melanomas. Cancer is among the most prevalent illnesses ascertained in developed countries, estimating more than 1.50 million fresh instances in the US alone in 2017. Though, approximately most of the chemotherapeutic drugs presently on the market cause major adverse effects like immunodeficiency, fatigue, alopecia, anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, neurological problems, and fertility issues, to name a few of them. Polysaccharides have developed as potential chemical entities revealing effective immunomodulatory activity within a variety of cell lines and can be developed as alternatives to existing cancer chemotherapeutic agents, possessing minimal toxic side-effects. Polysaccharides isolated from plants, microorganisms, fungi, and marine sources have been reported. They function via TLR modulation, activation and maturation of Dendritic cells, Cytokines signalling pathway, macrophage activation, and miscellaneous pathways like PI3K, MAPK activation, the complement supplement system. This review concentrates on the polysaccharides explored over the past five to seven years as an adjuvant therapeutic agent, their suggested mechanism of action for immunomodulation.