THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FROM HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L CALYX EXTRACT FROM INDONESIA AND THAILAND

Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) calyx has been reported to have an antioxidant activity. Antocyanidin is the major compound of rosella and has low bioavailability as an ionic form. Rosella extract is an ucceptable due to high acidity. Development of chitosan nanoparticle from Hibiscus sabdariffa extract were expected to improve the bioavailability and the acidity problem. We studied the optimum pH and composition ratios of chitosan, extract and tripolyphosphate (TPP) to develop chitosan-nanoparticle of rosella extract. We used rosella calyx both from Indonesia and Thailand to compare the physical characteristic the extract and nanoparticles. Rosella was extracted using 60% ethanol and water, followed by evaporation using evaporator and dried by freezedryer. The optimum formation of chitosan-nanoparticles of rosella extract were observed including pH formation and composition ratios between extract: chitosan: TPP. The physical charactersitics of nanoparticles were observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and particle size analyzer (PSA).  We found that optimum composition of extract: chitosan : TPP ratios were 2 : 1 : 0.1, with optimum formation of chitosan in acetate buffer pH 4. The characteristic of nanoparticles were spherical shapes with particles size range 60 to 300 nm, polydispersity index around 0.3 and zeta potential 39.19 to 62.26 mV. The nanoparticles has high entrapment efficiency of flavonoid active compound of 81.98 to 83.83%.