REPURPOSING THE EVOLUTION AND APPLICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES

Antimicrobial proteins and peptides are also known as Host defense system. Recently, research in the food industry and therapeutic fields has seen a considerable expansion in the use of antimicrobial proteins. It has a wide spectrum of antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties against infectious bacteria, viruses, fungus, etc., obtained from microbes, plants, animals, and even humans. Antimicrobial peptides can potentially improve the specificity and efficacy of antibiotics by being a promising alternative because microorganisms can’t metabolize them. Regulation, post-transduction modification, ribosome synthesis, etc. are the essential components of the AMP (Antimicrobial protein and peptide) biosynthesis process. Today, AMPs can be developed synthetically based on their activity, source, structure, and species of amino acids. They have the unique ability to rupture the cell wall, which results in cell death. As a novel approach, scientists have determined a few strategies to administer AMPs by formulating with chitosan nanoparticles, gold and silver nanoparticles, and peptide-assembly by producing microgels, mesoporous materials, and other substances that can be applied in the fields of skin disease, cancer therapy, food preservation, and processing. This overview covers the biosynthesis mechanism, its structure, classification, and mode of action, particularly emphasizing how AMP is used in the food industry, medicine, ophthalmology, and other fields.