SCIENTIFIC APPRAISAL OF ROGHAN AHMAR JADEED (UNANI PHARMACOEPIAL OIL) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PAIN RELATED TO MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS: A REVIEW

Unani Medicine is the ancient system of medicine that deals with prophylactic and therapeutic management of various acute and chronic illnesses. Ilaj bilGhiza, Ilaj bit Tadbeer, Ilaj bid dawa and Ilaj bil yad are the essential modes of treatment in Unani Medicine. A broad term Waja’al-Mafāsil covers entire Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) like inflammatory, non-inflammatory, infectious, metabolic, and other MSDs in Unani medicine. Pain is the most common and leading symptom of MSDs. Musculoskeletal pain (MSK) is the most complicated and challenging condition for both patients and medical experts. Almost all individuals experience one or more episodes of MSK pain in their whole life span, regardless of age, gender, or economic status.  About 47% of the overall population is affected by MSK pain. Of those, between 39 and 45 percent have persistent issues that need medical attention.  Chronic MSK pain which is not properly managed can have a negative impact on quality of life and poses significant socioeconomic problems. Roghan Ahmar Jadeed is an Unani pharmacopeial formulation, induces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects when applied locally. The current review provides an inclusive understanding about phytopharmacology of RAJ constituents and their pharmacological activity. The data was collected from more than five databases such as WebMed, PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect then subsequently analyzed. Based on a review of the research papers, it was found that RAJ poses potential chemical constituents that exert significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and thereby reduce pain in MSD, thus improving the quality of life in patients.