COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT NANOPARTICLE PREPARATION METHOD – A REVIEW

Nanoparticles have gained significant attention in various scientific and industrial field due to their unique physical, chemical and biological properties. The method of nanoparticle synthesis plays a crucial role in determining their size, shape, stability and functional efficiency. This review provides a detailed comparative analysis of various nanoparticle preparation method, primarily focusing on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down methods such as laser ablation, ball milling offers past production and high purity; however, they often lack precise control over particle size. Bottom-up approaches, including sol-gel, spinning, biological synthesis employing plant extracts, bacteria and fungi has emerged as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative, although achieving consistent yield and particle size remain as challenge. This review highlights the advantages, limitations of each synthesis. The study also emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate synthesis technique based on the intended application and desired nanoparticle properties. Additionally, recent advancements in nanoparticle preparation and future directions of sustainable and large-scale productions are discussed. This comparative overview aims to assist researchers in selecting the most effective preparation method to enhance nanoparticle performance for targeted applications.