A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY AND CONVENTIONAL TREATMENTS FOR PROSTATE CANCER AND OTHER ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES

This review synthesizes contemporary advances in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer, with a focus on therapeutic developments that have substantially improved outcomes in both localized and metastatic disease. The scope of the review encompasses curative-intent treatment modalities, advances in systemic therapy, and improvements in diagnostic imaging and staging that collectively inform modern clinical decision-making. Key therapeutic advances discussed include the widespread adoption of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, and brachytherapy, which have expanded curative options for patients with localized disease. In the metastatic setting, the integration of novel androgen receptor–targeted agents, next-generation androgen deprivation strategies, and life-prolonging chemotherapeutic regimens has markedly improved survival and disease control. The review also highlights the role of advanced imaging techniques in more accurate staging, risk stratification, and treatment selection. Major themes include the transition from predominantly palliative approaches to individualized, multimodal treatment strategies with curative or life-extending intent, as well as the increasing importance of precision in diagnosis and therapy selection. Emphasis is placed on clinically relevant developments rather than historical evolution. In conclusion, recent advances in prostate cancer management have transformed the therapeutic landscape, enabling improved prognosis across disease stages. Ongoing innovation in imaging, systemic therapies, and localized treatments continues to refine patient outcomes, underscoring the need for integrated, evidence-based approaches in contemporary prostate cancer care.