REDEFINING BIOAVAILABILITY OF ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA THERAPY USING NANOSUSPENSION-BASED APPROACHES

Schizophrenia, a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder, requires long-term administration of antipsychotic drugs, many of which suffer from poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. These pharmacokinetic limitations often result in subtherapeutic exposure, variable patient responses, and an increased risk of non-compliance. Nanosuspension-based drug delivery has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these challenges by enhancing the dissolution rate and systemic absorption of poorly water-soluble antipsychotics. This review explores recent advancements in nanosuspension technology, including top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods, surface modification strategies, and targeted delivery approaches. Emphasis is placed on the role of nanosuspensions in optimising the pharmacokinetic profiles of atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine. Furthermore, we highlight preclinical and clinical data supporting their use, discuss regulatory considerations, and propose future directions for personalised nanosuspension-based schizophrenia therapy. Overall, nanosuspension formulations offer a transformative avenue for improving drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and patient adherence in schizophrenia management.