PREDICTORS OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH DIABETES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Hyperglycemia is frequently observed in hospitalized patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, it is often under-recognized relative to the primary reason for admission, leading to suboptimal glycemic management. Identifying factors associated with successful inpatient glycemic control may facilitate early risk stratification and optimize management. Objective: To identify independent predictors of discharge glycemic control among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with in-hospital hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted with in-hospital hyperglycemia (admission random blood glucose ≥180 mg/dL). Demographic, clinical, glycemic and pharmacotherapeutic data were collected from medical records. Medication adherence was assessed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5). Good glycemic control was defined as discharge random blood glucose ≤200 mg/dL. Associations were evaluated using the Chi-square test followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: At discharge, 73% of patients achieved optimal glycemic control. Medication adherence independently predicted good glycemic control (p=0.039; OR=3.246; 95% CI: 1.063–9.909). Admission HbA1c ≤7% (p=0.010; OR=6.101; 95% CI: 1.533–24.277) and mid-hospitalization fasting blood glucose ≤140 mg/dL (p=0.035; OR=10.268; 95% CI: 1.173–89.867) also independently predicted good glycemic control. Conclusion: Medication adherence, admission HbA1c, and mid-hospitalization fasting blood glucose were significant predictors of glycemic control. These findings emphasize the importance of optimal long-term diabetes care and early recognition and intensive management of in-hospital hyperglycemia to achieve and maintain good glycemic control throughout hospitalization.