AZOLES AS NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NNRTIs): MINI REVIEW

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in addition with Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) gained exact place in the treatment of HIV-1 infections. Starting from the HEPT and TIBO derivatives, different classes of compounds have been identified as NNRTIs, that is compounds that are specifically inhibitory to HIV-1 replication and targeted at the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Two NNRTIs (nevirapine and delavirdine) have been formally licensed for clinical use and several others are (or have been) in preclinical and: or clinical development [tivirapine (TIBO R-86183), loviride (a-APA R89439), thiocarboxanilide UC-781, HEPT derivative MKC-442, quinoxaline HBY 097, DMP 266 (efavirenz), PETT derivatives (trovirdine, PETT-4, PETT-5) and the dichlorophenylthio (pyridyl) imidazole derivative [S-1153]. Several compounds acting as Reverse transcriptase inhibitors was proved to be highly valuable against HIV-1 replication with minimal toxicity. NNRTIs interact with a specific ‘pocket’ site of HIV-1 RT and thus inhibiting the translocation and further elongation of DNA strand. The major drawbacks of NNRTIs are their resistance and pharmacokinetic problems.HIV is no exception as it is a retrovirus, which means that it has capacity to insert its genetic material into the host cells and infect it.  In this review, we focus on the several moiety used against HIV-1 infection.