CARDIAC ARRYTHMIASIS AND ITS DETAILED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – A REVIEW

Amid the previous couple of years, the improvement of powerful, experimental innovations for treatment of cardiovascular arrhythmias has surpassed the pace at which itemized information of the basic science has aggregated. Cardiac arrhythmia is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, either too fast, or too slow and is characterized by abnormal electrical conduction in the heart resulting in ineffective pumping heart rate and rhythm that is not physiologically justified. Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly classified as tachycardia (supraventricular or ventricular) or bradycardias. The specialist management of arrhythmias has changed significantly over the past decade. Abnormal impulse conduction results in reentrant excitation. Usually a combination of slowed conduction and unidirectional conduction block provides the conditions necessary for re-entry to occur. This article outlines current management strategies for atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, with particular emphasis on curative strategies with catheter ablation and the recent data on rhythm compared with rate control strategies. The biology of arrhythmia is largely quantifiable, which allows for systematic analysis that could transform treatment strategies that are often still empirical into management based on molecular evidence.