ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF COW URINE FROM MALNAD GIDDA – AN INDIGENOUS BREED

Aim of the study: The study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of raw (ARCU) and distilled (ADCU) urine from an adult indigenous cow breed, Malnad gidda. Materials and Methods: Different radical scavenging models assessed antioxidant activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. The first group received saline and served as control. The second group received the standard drug Indomethacin (10 mg/kg b.w.), third (ARCU, 3 mL/kg b.w.), fourth (ARCU, 6 mL/kg b.w.), fifth (ADCU, 3 mL/kg b.w.) and sixth (ADCU, 6 mL/kg b.w.) groups served as treatment groups and received the urine samples.1 h later, paw edema was induced by injecting 0.1 mL of carrageenan (1% w/v) in saline solution into the sub-plantar region of the left hind paw of the rats. The paw volume was measured before the injection (basal volume) and after the injection of carrageenan at hourly intervals using Plethysmometer. Results: The ARCU and ADCU treated groups showed significant (P˂0.001) decrease in edema with a maximum inhibition of 81.07%; 72.09% (6 mL/kg b.w.) and 79.53%; 64.47% (3 mL/kg b.w.) at 5 h compared to control. ARCU and ADCU showed potent antioxidant effect on the inhibition of DPPH (IC₅₀: 33.11 and 204.64 µL/mL), superoxide anion (IC₅₀: 19.36 and 371.53 µL/mL), nitric oxide (IC₅₀: 72.44 and 114.81 µL/mL) and hydroxyl free radical (IC₅₀: 53.80 and 75.64 µL/mL). Also, ARCU and ADCU exhibited potent reducing ability (IC₅₀: 8.70 and 8.89 µL/mL). Conclusion: Cow urine (ARCU; ADCU) of an indigenous breed, Malnad gidda exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.