A REVIEW ON IMPAIRMENT IN METABOLIC PATHWAYS DUE TO TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Despite years of intensive research, impairment in metabolic pathways due to type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to be a daunting global challenge. It is equally challenging problem in this region as well. In recent years there is growing clinical and experimental evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in induction and promotion of diabetes and its associated complications. Lipid peroxides are known to be essential consequence of biological processes of excessive oxidative cellular damage can be a cause of consequences of numerous diseases, micro and macro complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There have been reports of elevated lipid peroxide levels in type 2 diabetes. To defend themselves against these free radical attacks, cell has developed different antioxidant systems. There are low molecular weight antioxidant molecules like uric acid, ascorbic acid, etc. and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidases. Under physiological conditions, these defense mechanisms maintain a low steady-state concentration of free radicals in the cell and their activities are very precisely regulated. The levels of these parameters are altered during the development of diabetes.