ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF TERMINALIA BELLERICA (GAERTN.) ROXB. AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS

The present study investigates the isolation and identification of Multi-Drug Resistant bacteria from Hospital Effluent and the determination of Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia bellerica (Roxb.) against the isolated Multi Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Hospital effluent was collected and screened for the presence of Drug resistance phenotype against five different antibiotics, and the isolated bacterium was identified by 16s rRNA sequencing. Terminalia bellerica Roxb., Baheda has established antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria hence the above plant was selected for the present investigation. Ethanolic extract of Terminalia bellerica outer coat, fruit, and the seed was tested for antimicrobial activity against the isolated Multi Drug-Resistant Bacteria, and the MIC₉₀ value was determined. Ethanolic extract of T. bellerica outer coat having the highest zone of inhibition was further fractionated, and four individual fractions, F1 (water), F2 (50% ethanol and water), F3 (ethanol), and F4 (acetone) were tested for antimicrobial activity against isolated Multi Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, which was isolated from Hospital effluent and identified by 16 s-rRNA sequencing, was found to be resistant to five antibiotics with the highest resistance against Cefixime MIC₉₀ 24 ± 0.00 (µg/ml). Crude extract of Terminalia bellerica outer coat obtained by maceration gave the highest zone of inhibition of 3.4 ± 0.17(cm). Fraction F4 gave highest zone of inhibition 3.2 ± 0.17 (cm) with MIC₉₀12 ± 0.00 (µg/ml). The extractive value and yield of fraction F4 are 1500mg and 0.030%. Phytochemical test of F4 was found to contain tannin and alkaloid.