ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM STACHYTARPHETA URTICIFOLIA (SALISB.) SIMS

Natural products from various medicinal plants, in the form of pure compounds or standardized extracts, which provide unlimited opportunities for discovery of new drug leads, is due to the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. There is an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest, particularly in edible plants, has grown throughout the world. Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, isolation, and characterization of active ingredients of bioactive compounds from Stachytarpheta urticifolia. The common problems and key challenges in the extraction, isolation, and characterization of active ingredients of bioactive compounds are discussed. As extraction is the most important step in the analysis of constituents present in herbal preparations, the strengths and weaknesses of different extraction techniques are discussed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays, chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and TLC as well as non-chromatographic techniques such as FTIR, Mass Spectroscopy and Structural elucidation are discussed. Purification of bioactive compounds was done using column chromatography. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including Fourier transform infrared, electron spray ionization mass spectrophotometry, ¹HNMR and ¹³C NMR. The bioactive compounds produced from S. urtcifolia were tested. Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds, namely pentacyclic triterpenoid as phenolics, are known to search free radicals along with various biological properties including antioxidant and anticancer activities.