NEW INSIGHTS ON IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO ANIMAL MODELS OF CEREBRAL REPERFUSION INJURY

Re-establishing blood flow in ischemia is essential for rescuing cells from necrosis in any tissue or organ. However, reperfusion post cerebral ischemia may worsen the condition and lead to “cerebral reperfusion injury”. In cerebral reperfusion injury, significant changes observed are infarct size, behavioural deficits, hematoma formation, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress markers that represent the extent of brain injury. Experimental in-vivo and in-vitro models mimicking the necessary neurological and pathological process are vital in the research of pathogenesis of cerebral reperfusion injury and the development of credible therapeutic drugs. This review explains the currently used in-vivo as well as in-vitro models to study cerebral reperfusion injury ranging from animal-based models like middle cerebral artery occlusion model, emboli stroke model, two-vessel occlusion model, four-vessel occlusion model, photochemical stroke model, collagenase induced brain haemorrhage model, autologous whole blood induced haemorrhage model to cell lines. Also, advanced technology likes the synthetic microvasculature model has been discussed. This review also provides contemplative facts to set up authentic and relevant animal models to study cerebral reperfusion injury.