Volume 17 (2026) - Issue 7, July
Review Articles
3D-PRINTED PERSONALISED GASTRO-RETENTIVE MEDICINE: REVOLUTIONISING PEPTIC ULCER MANAGEMENT THROUGH ADVANCED MANUFACTURING AND CLINICAL INNOVATION
Three-dimensional (3D) printing-based customised gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) present an innovative strategy for managing peptic ulcer disease by addressing the limitations of traditional dosage forms through precision manufacturing and patient-specific customisation. Conventional GRDDS exhibit significant variability in bioavailability due to differences in gastric physiology. T...
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EVOLUTION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF HETEROCYCLIC SCAFFOLDS IN DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 (DPP-4) INHIBITORS: A MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVE
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, or gliptins, represent a cornerstone in the oral management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Their mechanism, which potentiates endogenous incretin hormones, offers glucose-dependent efficacy with a minimized risk of hypoglycemia. The discovery and optimization of these agents are inextricably linked to the strategic deployment of heterocyclic chemistr...
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ROLE OF REGULATORY T-CELLS IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
Autoimmune diseases represent a major global health challenge, arising from the failure of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self, leading to the destruction of healthy tissues. This breakdown of immune tolerance results in chronic inflammation, progressive tissue damage, and debilitating conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Despite ...
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HERBS AS A LIFELINE IN STRESS MANAGEMENT AND INSOMNIA
Stress and insomnia are among the most prevalent lifestyle disorders globally which affects mental and physical well-being chronic stress and insomnia are strongly linked to depression, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and weakened immune function. The growing incidence highlights an urgent need for safe, effective, and holistic treatment strategies such as herbal interventions to manage these int...
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SWARNA BINDU PRASHANA: BRIDGING ANCIENT AYURVEDA AND MODERN PEDIATRIC HEALTHCARE
Swarna Bindu Prashana (SBP) is a traditional Ayurvedic pediatric formulation that typically consists of Swarna Bhasma (processed gold), ghee, and honey and has been used for centuries as a health-promoting practice. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe SBP as supporting immunity, cognition, growth, and overall well-being in children. In recent years, increasing scientific interest has focused on und...
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Research Articles
TRITERPENOIDS FROM SENEGALIA ATAXACANTHA: IN-VITRO ANTI-PROSTATIC CARCINOMA ACTIVITY AND IN-SILICO INTERACTIONS WITH ANDROGEN RECEPTORS AR:1E3G AND ARCCR:1GS4
Prostate cancer remains a significant global health burden, with traditional medicinal plants often used for its management, although without scientific validation. This study assessed the in-vitro anti-prostatic carcinoma activity of Senegalia ataxacantha hydroethanol extract (SA) and its triterpenoids (SA1/SA2: friedelin; SA3: friedelin/friedelinol mixture; SA4: β-sitosterol) in prostate cancer...
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ANTI INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF SIVA NAMA RASAM IN RODENT MODELS
Siva Nama Rasam (SNR) is a traditional Siddha herbo-mineral formulation used to manage pain and inflammation. The present study evaluated its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in rodent models. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in Wistar albino rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema, while analgesic activity was evaluated in Swiss albino mice using the hot plate test. Animals were...
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DYSREGULATION OF CIRCULATING miRNAs IN HIGH-FAT DIET AND STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to the vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers and potential modulators of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of selected circulating miRNAs in a rat model of T2DM induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and ...
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EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF GAS‑GENERATING AGENTS IN FLOATING BILAYER TABLETS OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE AND CANAGLIFLOZIN
OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to systematically evaluate and optimize gas generating agents for the development of a gastro retentive floating bilayer tablet containing metformin hydrochloride (sustained release layer) and canagliflozin (immediate release layer). METHODS: The investigation was carried out in two sequential stages. Initially, different gas generating agents sodium bicar...
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QUANTITATIVE BIOANALYTICAL DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF ZOLPIDEM TARTRATE NANOSPHERES
We developed a quantitative, accurate, and cost-effective ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method to estimate zolpidem tartrate nanospheres. These nanospheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed peak heights at 19.914, 23.0138, and 40.5246, with values of 225.20, 61.58, and 29.25. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed their morpholo...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SWERTIA CHIRAYITA: ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIDIABETIC, AND TLC FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS
Natural products from medicinal plants remain a valuable source of therapeutic drugs. The current study was designed to assess the phytochemical content, in-vitro antioxidant properties and antidiabetic activity, and also chromatographic fingerprint of the ethanolic extract of Swertia chirayita. Phytochemical screening of the extract confirmed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as ...
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DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL CURCUMIN ANALOGUES VIA MICROWAVE-ASSISTED CONDENSATION
Curcumin, the principal bioactive component of turmeric, is well-documented for its broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Nevertheless, its therapeutic use is restricted due to low solubility and limited bioavailability. In this study, eight novel curcumin derivatives (1A–8A) were synthesized using a microwave-assisted organic synthesis...
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COMPARATIVE ARJUNIC ACID ANALYSIS BY HPTLC STUDY OF ARJUNA KWATHA PREPARED BY USING VARIOUS KWATHA TECHNIQUES
Kwatha Kalpana is a fundamental pharmaceutical dosage form in Ayurveda, widely used as a base for multiple formulations. Variations in preparation techniques such as water proportion, heating duration, and extraction methods may significantly influence phytochemical composition and therapeutic efficacy. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effect of different Kwatha preparation te...
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EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS OF ZINC ACETATE IN MICE
Background: Depression is a debilitating mental health disorder that causes changes in physical activity, appetite, sleep and weight. Many studies shown that zinc may have an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. In this study we aimed to evaluate the antidepressant effects of Zinc acetate in mice and to investigate the synergistic effect of zinc acetate with fluoxetine, a standard ant...
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LEAD-TOLERANT RHIZOBACTERIA ENHANCE GROWTH OF OKRA UNDER HEAVY METAL STRESS
Declining soil fertility has emerged as a critical global concern in the face of rapid population growth and increasing food demand. Among the major factors contributing to reduced soil productivity is heavy metal contamination, with lead (Pb) recognised as one of the most toxic pollutants affecting both soil health and crop yield. In this study, rhizobacteria were isolated from soils collected ne...
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ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF SELECTED 1, 3, 4-OXADIAZOLE–BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES: AN IN-VITRO STUDY
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to cellular damage. Antioxidants play a vital role in neutralizing free radicals and preventing oxidative injury. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant activity of synthesized 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole–benzothiazole derivat...
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A STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF HEMOGLOBIN E AND GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY AMONG ETHNIC KARBI TRIBAL POPULATION IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN NORTH – EAST INDIA
Introduction: Hemoglobin E (HbE) disorders and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are two important red cell genetic abnormalities highly prevalent in malaria-endemic regions of Southeast Asia. The Karbi tribe, one of the major ethnic groups of Northeast India, is considered to have a significant burden of these disorders; however, data on their prevalence remains limited. This st...
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IMPACT OF ATHEROGENIC INDEX OF PLASMA ON STROKE RISK IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant stroke risk factor that can affect the distribution of stroke subtypes, clinical presentation, and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the features of stroke in patients with and without diabetes and to assess the function of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in conjunction with traditional risk factors. Methods: From November 2024...
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NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF COMT GENE VARIANTS ON DOPAMINERGIC FUNCTION IN THE INDIAN POPULATION
Background: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key enzyme involved in dopamine metabolism in the brain. Genetic variation in the COMT gene, particularly the rs4680 (Val158Met) polymorphism, alters enzyme activity and influences dopamine availability in the prefrontal cortex. These differences can affect cognition, emotional regulation, stress response, and sensitivity to neuropsychiatric med...
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EXPLORING UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF MULTICOMPONENT DRUG FORMULATIONS
The objective of the current research work includes development and validation of novel, precise and accurate UV-visible spectrophotometric techniques for the analysis of Cilnidipine and Chlorthalidone without the need of prior separation by employing mathematical spectrophotometric manipulations, which utilize absorbance relationships to resolve overlapping spectral components. Two methods, namel...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RESIDUAL SOLVENT DETERMINATION BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY- FID IN EDARAVONE FORMULATION
An accurate, precise, robust, and sensitive gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was developed for the determination of residual solvents in edaravone injection formulation. Impurities may be present in final pharmaceutical products. However, their presence and control in drug substances and drug products are regulated according to pharmacopoeial standards and ICH gu...
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FRACTAL DIMENSION AND RADIOMORPHOMETRY OF THE MANDIBLE ON PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHS AS PREDICTORS OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN TOBACCO USERS: A DXA-BASED PROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder marked by reduced bone strength and increased fracture risk, often due to alterations in trabecular bone microarchitecture. Tobacco use both smoked and smokeless has emerged as a modifiable risk factor influencing bone health. Panoramic radiography (PR), a common dental imaging modality, offers potential for early detection of osteoporosis...
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A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON CHANGES IN RENAL FUNCTION PARAMETERS AMONG PATIENTS RECEIVING PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed for acid-related disorders. Emerging evidence suggests potential renal adverse effects with prolonged use. Objectives: To evaluate changes in renal function parameters among patients receiving prolonged PPI therapy and to assess comparative trends and pharmacoeconomic aspects. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted o...
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BACTERIA CAUSING COMMUNITY – ACQUIRED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN PATIENTS ATTENDING OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Introduction: Community acquired urinary tract infection is defined as urinary tract infection occurring in outpatient setting, or in < 48 hrs after hospitalization, with no recent past history of urological procedure or catheter insertion. However, in almost all cases of community acquired urinary tract infection, antibiotic therapy is prescribed empirically before urine culture. Further there...
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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILE OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS SOIL SAMPLES
Soil represents a major reservoir of diverse microorganisms, including bacteria capable of developing resistance to antibiotics. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria from soil samples collected from different locations in Durgapur, West Bengal, India, and to evaluate their antibiotic resistance patterns. Ten soil samples were collected and bacterial isolates were obtained u...
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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTING IN NURSES OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Introduction: ADRs significantly contribute to death and morbidity. The underreporting of adverse drug reactions is a widespread concern worldwide. Nurses are vital to healthcare and significantly contribute to adverse drug reaction reporting inside hospitals. This study was planned to assess nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice about ADR reporting, as well as to provide suggestions for improv...
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A STUDY OF AWARENESS OF GENERIC DRUGS AMONGST RESIDENTS AND INTERN DOCTORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SURAT CITY
Introduction: As defined by WHO generic drug is “a pharmaceutical product which is intended to be interchangeable with an innovator product that is manufactured without a license from the innovator company and marketed after the expiry date of the patent or other exclusive rights. They are made with the same active substance as the non-generic drugs which are already authorized and approved for ...
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EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MINOCYCLINE: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Objective: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Minocycline: an experimental study. Background: Recently some studies have shown that minocycline may have pleiotropic biologic activities besides its antimicrobial activity. Due to these actions, minocycline may be useful in the treatment of pathological conditions in which acute or chronic inflammation is involved, such as rheumatoid arthrit...
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EFFECT OF A SIMULATION-BASED PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND ADR REPORTING MODULE ON KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS AMONG FINAL-YEAR MBBS STUDENTS: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Background: Pharmacovigilance training in undergraduate medical education remains largely theoretical, leading to inadequate real-world reporting competency. Simulation-based training may help bridge this gap. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured simulation-based pharmacovigilance module in improving knowledge and ADR-reporting skills among final-year MBBS students. Methods: A qua...
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THE TRIPLE SILENCE OF CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK: AWARENESS, SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS VERSUS MEASURED CENTRAL OBESITY AND ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE IN A NORTH INDIAN COMMUNITY
Background: Detection of metabolic non-communicable disease in the community depends on whether individuals recognise the concept of clustered cardiometabolic risk, perceive that they may be affected, and have been clinically diagnosed. Whether these three subjective channels track objectively measured risk has not been studied in the same individuals. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional surv...
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