Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2022 in |
Re-establishing blood flow in ischemia is essential for rescuing cells from necrosis in any tissue or organ. However, reperfusion post cerebral ischemia may worsen the condition and lead to “cerebral reperfusion injury”. In cerebral reperfusion injury, significant changes observed are infarct size, behavioural deficits, hematoma formation, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress markers that represent the extent of brain injury. Experimental in-vivo and in-vitro models mimicking the necessary neurological and pathological process are vital in the research of pathogenesis of cerebral reperfusion injury and the development of credible therapeutic drugs. This review explains the currently used in-vivo as well as in-vitro models to study cerebral reperfusion injury ranging from animal-based models like middle cerebral artery occlusion model, emboli stroke model, two-vessel occlusion model, four-vessel occlusion model, photochemical stroke model, collagenase induced brain haemorrhage model, autologous whole blood induced haemorrhage model to cell lines. Also, advanced technology likes the synthetic microvasculature model has been discussed. This review also provides contemplative facts to set up authentic and relevant animal models to study...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2022 in |
Mucormycosis is a new fungal disease that increased the morbidity and mortality rate in this present scenario. It’s difficult to diagnose and cure due to proper scientific evidence is not yet being designed. The disease’s prevalence appears to be rising. In high-income nations, hematological malignancies are the most prevalent underlying illness, while uncontrolled diabetes is usually linked to pulmonary mucormycosis in low-income nations. Mucormycetes can be detected or identified using histopathology and molecular tests, and they can be recommended as important add-on techniques to augment standard diagnostic techniques. Reversal of underlying predisposing factors, early delivery of active antifungal medications at the appropriate dosage, thorough excision of all diseased tissues and different adjuvant treatments are all part of a successful therapy strategy mucormycosis. Liposomal amphotericin B antifungal medications have been added to our antifungal arsenal, but amphotericin B remains the medication of choice for first antifungal therapy. Despite attempts to better understand the pathophysiology of mucormycosis, early diagnosis and intensive treatment, the disease’s fatality rate remains...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2022 in |
Imidazole has a special role in heterocyclic chemistry, and its derivatives have piqued interest in recent years due to its diverse chemistry and pharmacology properties. Imidazole is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring that is essential in biology and pharmaceuticals. As a result, imidazole compounds have piqued the attention of researchers for more than a decade. Thus imidazole compounds have been an interesting source for researchers for more than a century. Antibacterial, anticancer, anti-tubercular, anti-fungal, analgesic, and anti-HIV activities are among the biological activities of imidazole derivatives. This paper aims to look back on the biological activities of imidazole over the years. A large number of imidazole derivatives are available. The incorporation of the imidazole nucleus is an important synthetic Strategy in drug discovery. The high therapeutic properties of imidazole-related drugs have prompted medicinal chemists to develop a slew of new chemotherapeutic agents. In clinical medicine, imidazole medications have a broader application in treating a variety of conditions. Imidazole can be synthesized using a variety of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2022 in |
The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of the diverse pharmacological activities of quinazoline moiety. Quinazolines are well-known and important nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds made chemical formula C8H6N2. For the last few years, the heterocyclic fused nucleus quinazoline has drawn immense attention due to its diversified application in medicinal chemistry research. In the growing world of intense research, Quinazoline was considered as a privileged scaffold; the modification made with different substituents around the centroid paved the researchers away to deal with at ease. Being a fused ring, the heterocycle itself is capable of great pharmacological quality. Quinazoline is one of the heterocycles with diversifying scaffolds for various important biological activities for which considerable research has been done in order to examine its biomedical applications. In a number of biologically active compounds and drug molecules, the quinazoline nucleus is used as a basic framework. This paper is a sincere attempt to highlight the tremendous potential of this ring system because of its wide spectrum of pharmacological actions....
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2022 in |
The bioavailability of conventional ophthalmic solutions is very poor due to efficient protective mechanisms of the eye, blinking, reflex Mental health problems are characterized by in definite persistently depressed mood, low self-esteem, loss of interest in normal life activities. A common problems were the chances to occurs from generation to generation, i.e., genetic in nature, and these may also affect the child (age between 1 to 12 years old) with or without a family history of illness. There are different mental issues in the child such as anxiety, mood disorders, tic disorders, behaviour disorders, personality disorders; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, epilepsy, eating disorders, elimination disorders, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and these disorders can be hard for parents to identify due to lack of vocabulary or developmental ability to explain their condition. Most of the patient parents face the common problem is the “noncompliance to medication,” which is a major problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries where illiteracy, ignorance, poverty, and overpopulation are major challenges. These...
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