Posted by admin on May 31, 2025 in |
Chromosomal non-disjunction is a pivotal error in cell division where chromosomes fall to separate properly during meiosis or mitosis, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes, the condition is known as aneuploidy. This phenomenon has significant consequences for human health, as it underpins several kinds of genetic disease, such as Downsyndrome, Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome. Non-disjunction may occur during mitosis, Meiosis-I or meiosis-II and various factors influence how sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes segregate. Maternal age is a significant risk factor, spicily for neostick non-disjunction triggered by prolonged oocyte stoppage in Prophase-I. Additional causes environmental and genetic and epigenetic alterations in cohesinproteins. Non-disjunction can cause developmental issues, miscarriages, mosaicism and chromosomal instability in cancer. The diagnosis of aneuploidy has increased due to advances in diagnostic procedure such as Karyotyping, Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and non-invasive prenatal testing. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and genetic counselling provide at risk families with preventive measures. Despite advancement in understanding the molecular causes and effects treatment options remains limited. Continued study is needed...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2025 in |
Computer-aided drug design programs use mathematical formulas to predict the property value and structure of stable, unknown, and molecular species. Quantum mechanics, hybrid QM/MM, molecular bonding, molecular modelling, molecular mechanics, and QSAR are some of the techniques used in molecular bonding studies. An average drug discovery cycle, from lead identification to clinical trials, is expected to take about a year. Computer-aided drug design technologies have the potential to reduce drug design and development costs by 50% when integrated into a company’s research and development methodologies. Drug development can be accelerated by using computational methods to interpret and direct trials. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches come in two primary varieties: ligand-based drug design (LBDD) and structure-based drug design (SBDD). The three-dimensional structural data from macromolecular targets, like proteins or RNA, is examined by SBDD techniques to identify crucial sites and interactions that are crucial to their...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2025 in |
A Multifactorial disorder primarily of energy balance, which occurs due to imbalance between energy expenditure and excess of calorie intake. Obesity is becoming a serious health related problem worldwide. Appropriate Treatment plans as well as Goals have been established for this disorder, when a patient presents with certain complications, for example, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease presents with obesity. A number of medications have been approved by the U S Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of this disorder. However, the medications should be used in conjunction with healthy eating habits and physical activity. Several medications have been withdrawn due to serious adverse effects, yet several new drugs are in trials. This article will review the Pathophysiology of the occurrence of obesity, the neurotransmitters involved in its onset, the history of medications: why and which were withdrawn, what all medications are available, what are the future for the treatment of patients suffering from...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2025 in |
Biomedical and Pharmaceutical waste management is essential for safeguarding public health as well as environmental sustainability. Efficient waste management systems are crucial to minimize the adverse impact of biomedical waste. This article gives the key aspects of bio- medical and pharmaceutical waste management including plant location, land requirement, area, machines and equipment, infrastructure, collection and transportation. This article mainly focusses on the no-burn technologies used for treating most of the categories of pharmaceutical waste, highlighting the need for incineration for specific categories of waste and other equipment required for proper treatment of waste. This article also explains in detail the basic infrastructure setup of a common bio-medical waste treatment facility...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2025 in |
Cordia macleodii is an endangered ethnomedicinal plant found in dry deciduous forest areas of India. It is one of the 13 species belonging to the genus Cordia of the Boraginaceae family, commonly known as Dahipalas or Dahiman. The main identifying feature of this plant is that any injury to the adaxial surface of the leaf will result in persistent black markings. This plant species is at risk of extinction due to several causes, including early flowering, restricted fruit development, premature drying of fruits, and poor seed germination. C. macleodii has been highlighted for its therapeutic effects including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, aphrodisiac and hepatoprotective abilities, and also used by different tribals of India for healing wounds, mouth sores, treating piles and diarrhoea. Leaf powder of C. macleodii is useful for treating hypertension and controlling blood urea, and the ethanolic bark extract is used against Ophiophagus hannah venom due to its antivenom properties. Various bioactive constituents, including saponins, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, lipids, fixed oils, resin...
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