Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Liposome was derived from two Greek words “Lipos” meaning fat, and “Soma” meaning body. Liposome, where spherical-shaped vesicles consist of phospholipids and cholesterol vesicles which are under extensive investigation as drug carriers for improving the bioavailability and delivery of therapeutic agents. Due to innovative developments in liposome technology, numerous liposome-based drug delivery systems are currently in a clinical trial, and recently some of them have been approved for clinical use. Due to their size, hydrophobic and lipophilic character, they are up-and-coming systems for drug delivery. This novel drug delivery system aims to target the drug directly to the site of action. Liposomes are biocompatible and stable They have the unique property to entrap both hydrophilic drug and lipophilic drug (amphipathic nature) to its compartment and lead to a controlled-release effect. They are 0.05to 5micrometertre in diameter. Liposomes are used for the treatment of various diseases like tumours or cancer. This review describes the current state-of-the-art of these new liposomal delivery systems classification, formulation, characterization, and potential applications of liposomes...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Orphan drugs are medicinal products intended to diagnose, prevent, or treat life-threatening or debilitating rare diseases. In some parts of the world, a rare disease is also addressed as an orphan disease due to its poor diagnosis mechanism, low prevalence, and limited treatment options. The United States, Japan, Australia, and the European Union have adopted policies promoting orphan drugs development and commercialization. The United States was the first nation to adopt a law on orphan drugs in 1983, followed by Japan (1993), Australia (1998), and the European Union (2000). Orphan drug development also possesses challenges like limited scientific knowledge, low number of patients available, high pricing of these drugs & other regulatory challenges. This review compared the orphan drug regulations in the USA, the EU, Japan, and Australia and addressed the challenges involved in orphan drug development along with possible...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Hypertension is a major global health challenge due to its prevalence and increased risk of cardiovascular disorder. Non-pharmacological intervention or lifestyle modification is a safer option to control blood pressure and shows effective results in regulating high blood pressure. In this review, we have described the pathophysiology of a hypertensive patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and functioning Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor during novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We summarized that article with the statement that hypertensive patients are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 not because they are taking ACE inhibitor drugs that regulate blood pressure and blocks angiotensin II-induced inflammation and tissue damage. Still, chronic drug intake makes their body weak to get infected with SARS-CoV-2 due to compromised immunity. Thus, lifestyle modification by taking healthy diet, regular, precise exercise, reducing stress, avoidance of salt intake, involvement of green leafy vegetables rich in potassium should be included in the meals, drinking of enough water (3-4 liters/day) daily, limitation in consumption of alcohol and caffeine make effectively...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2022 in |
Cancer is a diverse category of diseases involving the growth of unchecked cells. Cancer cells uncontrollably divide and expand, creating malignant tumours that can invade surrounded parts of the body. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) consist solely of a carbon atom organized into a tubular form in a sequence of condensed benzene rings. These sheets are rolled at a particular and distinct angle and the properties of the nanotubes are determined from the combination of the radius and rolling angle. Because of their non-toxic nature and high fluorescence characteristics, carbon nanoparticles are shaped into a ligand that is unique to a highly expressed receptor for imaging and drug conveyance in malignant growth care. Carbon specks (C-dabs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are leading the continuous discovery of carbon-based nanoparticles. CNTs are used as nano-carriers for anticancer drugs, including carboplatin, camptothecin doxorubicin via proper...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2021 in |
Quality by Design (QbD) is an essential part of modern pharmaceutical development. QbD is a requisite for the design and development process for the pharmaceutical industry. QbD assists and encourages both the industries and FDA to inculcate a proactive, scientific and risk-based approach in the process and product development. It is based on a concept of building quality right from the start of the process rather than the final quality test of the finished product. An effective QbD approach provides insights and essential upstream throughout the development process which ultimately ends up offering a successful plan that reduces batch failures and recalls. It is also known as a structured lifecycle of product development and management. This review aims to present an overview of QbD implementation, its tools, elements, and methodologies, the involved ICH Guidelines, and the application in the current pharmaceutical sector. Under QbD, it is important to define the desired product performance profile i.e., Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) and analyze, Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), Critical Process Parameter...
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