Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Peptides are naturally occurring biologics, which provide essential functions as hormones, growth factors, biological messengers, anti-infective, neurotransmitters, and antimicrobials. Peptide hormones such as insulin, vasopressin, oxytocin, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone have significantly accelerated advances in modern drug development fields, including biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and other cutting-edge technologies. This review article described the peptides, their different sources and production processes, and how they are synthesized. Peptides are highly desirable as therapeutic agents due to their unique properties, which are determined by their physicochemical and proteolytic stability profiles. Numerous techniques are being developed to enhance the therapeutic profile of peptides, such as side chain modification, cyclization, N-methylation, peptoids, and substitution with D-amino acids inclusion in delivery systems and halogenation. Peptides are therapeutically used in the management of several diseases; the potential range of peptide-based medications is being extended to new targets by ongoing...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Vaginal discharge is the commonest symptom reported in reproductive tract infection the recognition and diagnosis of the correct cause of abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) can be challenging due to the wide spectrum of infectious agents. Reproductive tracts infections (RTIs) can cause serious physical and psychological harm, and this harm is not limited only to the women themselves, but also a serious threat to their next generation, and may cause a heavy social and economic burden.RTI/STI wherein disclosure is associated with stigma and health-seeking is impaired by embarrassment and hesitation, particularly in women where accessibility to an empathic female health worker may not be available given the state of primary health-care. If untreated, RTIs can lead to adverse health outcomes such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy and increased vulnerability to the transmission of the Human immunodeficiency virus. It is also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clinically, the first choice to treat RTIs according to different pathogens is antibiotics. Most of the drugs used in RTIs are metronidazole, clotrimazole pessary and antibiotics...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Objective: Chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth, is usually treated non-surgically by scaling and root planing. Minocycline is used as a local drug delivery and can be used as an adjunctive agent. The study aims to determine the efficacy of minocycline microspheres as a local drug delivery agent in treating chronic periodontitis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of minocycline microspheres as local drug delivery agents in chronic periodontitis were included. Articles were retrieved from MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cochrane database, PUBMED, and Google Scholar in the English language from January 2000 up to January 2023. Articles retrieved were screened using specific inclusion criteria by four independent reviewers and analyzed using Rev Man 5.0 software. The measured outcomes were Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical Attachment Level, Plaque Index, and Gingival Index. Results: About 1288 patients aged above 30 were studied. In all the studies, the control group was treated with scaling and root planing alone, whereas the test group was treated with scaling and root planing...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Metformin used successfully by clinicians over the decades as a first-line treatment for hyperglycemia also it was a popular treatment for type-2 diabetes in those who are overweight, when diabetes is not controlled by a healthy diet and lifestyle changes. Genetic factors place an important role in modulating metformin efficacy and toxicity in which OCT- 1 was a major transporter of metformin so genetic polymorphism of OCT-1 largely influences the metformin response and toxicity. This review outlines the relation between OCT-1 variants and metformin induced gastrointestinal side effects with similar and varied results among studies and portrays the need for studies to prove the relation between metformin efficacy, gastrointestinal side effects, and genetic variation of OCT-1 so that future studies may contribute to personalized and safer metformin...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
At present, the significant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is said to be Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). This condition considerably impacts cost of healthcare, mortality and morbidity worldwide. Current treatment options for DKD basically focusses on Blood Pressure (BP) regulation, glycemic control along with suppression of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). The advancing nature of pathophysiology of DKD demands additional treatment options to reduce the ongoing chronic inflammation and oxidative stress as they are the key operators of renal dysfunction. In the current review, we put forward a novel, rationally designed antioxidant-Dapagliflozin combination as a single tablet formulation incorporating N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), Taurine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) with Dapagliflozin to boost renoprotection in DKD. In this review, we have explored the pathophysiological rationale underlying this novel drug combination, its mechanism, synergistic potential, efficacy in preventing development of DKD at the cellular level and challenges in drug formulation. This is the first article to propose this novel combination by incorporating SGLT-2 inhibitor with antioxidants based on scientific rationale...
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