Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2021 in |
Ozone gas (O3), being an unstable molecule, attracts uncertainty as an alternative to medication, opening avenues for copious research. Ozone therapy (OT) shows its therapeutic efficacy by its reactions with biological components and the production of oxidative stress. It is found useful in various disease conditions like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, wound healing, dental conditions, etc. The therapy on contrast also shows side effects depending on the type of treatment includes burns, coughing, cramping, headaches, nausea, vomiting or severe respiratory complications, and also sometimes flu-like symptoms. The investigation for the use of the OT as a technology is still under development to be used in several ways like ozonated water, injections, insufflations, oil, blow the gas into the body, use an ozone sauna, autohemotherapy. The therapy raises many questions to be used as a solution for diseases with self-contradiction due to the adverse effects occurring after the use of therapy or exposure to the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Several behavioral addictions have been hypothesized as having similarities to substance abuse addictions. The DSM-4-TR has designated formal diagnostic criteria for several addictive disorders classifying them as impulse control disorders, a separate category from substance use disorder. There have been a lot of behavioral addiction studies like tanning, cosmetic surgery, sexual addiction, etc. Mobile phone addiction, which has more recently evolved into Smartphone addiction or nomophobia. The American Psychiatric Association first categorized a behavior: gambling as a no substance, related addictive disorder, and recommends further research on internet gaming disorder. The aim of this review is to find Smartphone addiction relations with neurotransmitters that could help us understand the possibly addictive effect similar to that produced by conventional drugs and also its potential to be diagnosed as an independent disorder. Multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved in the biochemistry of behavioral addictions; especially dopamine seems to be the most active. Brain activation in Internet gaming addicts occurs in the same brain regions as with drug-associated addiction. Brain imaging studies; suggest...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
One of the essential scientific research concluded that DNA / RNA forms the hereditary or the genomic material in all life forms. The double-helical model given by Watson and Crick further added to the biological findings, and since then, various other DNA structures have been established viz., triple-stranded structures, quadruplexes, higher-order structures such as G-wires, polyads, etc. This review article takes into account the various aspects of the guanine rich called the G-quadruplex structure of the DNA, which are formed in the promoter region of a regulator gene called c-myc. Various ligands and proteins help in stabilizing/destabilizing the G-quadruplex structure present in the regulator gene, but a mutated version of the c-myc is seen during cancer, which leads to altered functions and expression of transcription protein leading to unregulated cell growth and proliferation. Thus, G-quadruplexes help in the regulation of the telomerase enzyme activity and can pave the way for the anticancer drugs, which are the need of the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease around the world. Individuals with obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are more likely to develop steatosis; however, it seldom progresses to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In addition to the environmental factors, genetic variations further modify NAFLD progression. Several epidemiological, familial, and twin studies have elucidated the role of heritability. More recent genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have reported certain genes that play a key role in the susceptibility and advancement of NAFLD. The genetic basis of the disease further enhances the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism, which helps in developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. This review provides a summary of the genes involved in the susceptibility of...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The aim of this article is to provide a wide-angle prospect of the detailed information of pharmaceutical polymers in sustained released micro-beads dosage forms. Polymers have played an integral role in the advanced drug delivery technology by providing controlled release of therapeutic agents in constant doses over long periods, cyclic dosage, and constant release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. When formulating challenging molecules into solid oral dosage forms, polymeric pharmaceutical excipients permit masking undesired physico-chemical properties of drugs and, consequently, altering their pharmacokinetic profiles to improve the therapeutic effect. The number of synthetic and natural polymers available commercially as pharmaceutical recipients have increased dramatically, offering potential solutions to various difficulties. The different polymers may allow increased solubility, swell ability, viscosity, biodegradability, advanced coatings, pH dependency, mucodhesion, and inhibition of crystallization. Biodegradable polymers attract the attention of its use as they can be degraded to non‐toxic monomers and most important, a constant rate of drug release can be achieved from a biodegradable polymer-based controlled release device. Natural polymers can...
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