Posted by admin on May 31, 2021 in |
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become pandemic in no time in the world. Understanding the pathophysiological similarities with previously known viruses of the class gave opportunities to explore various molecular targets against COVID-19. Vaccines unavailability propose different research approaches of treatment, including various previously known and some new synthetic molecules, which are also associated with many unwanted effects. Phytochemical compounds and formulations also gain interest in this era, and all the traditional medicine systems were analyzed for any probable therapeutic possibilities. Hence author summarize the various approaches of herbal-based medicine against COVID-19 infection. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, and Chinese medicine systems constitute major traditional herbal-based systems known worldwide. Previous literature were studied to recapitulated findings with modern multi-mechanistic approaches and propose the use of herbals against COVID-19. Scientists are identifying all the possible interventions associated with herbal-based systems to have efficacy against various mechanisms against viral infection. Various herbal extracts and formulations are utilized to increase the human body’s immune system to counter the pathophysiological changes due to COVID-19 infections....
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2021 in |
Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory condition of the skin and musculoskeletal system with cutaneous psoriasis that leads to joint deformity and disability and is commonly seen in 40-50-year-old population. Clinically, TNF-α inhibitors and JAK inhibitors form the main line of treatment of this rare disorder. A systematic review was conducted via an electronic search of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Embase, and Cochrane databases till May 2020 using the following keywords: “Psoriatic arthritis”, “Atrophic arthritis”, “Rheumatoid arthritis”. Published literature that explores the therapeutic methods of treating CSOM are included along with data of randomized control trials (RCTs), in-vivo studies and ELISA assays are collated in this review. 43 qualitative studies from 6 databases are included in this systematic review. Of these, 40 studies depict the efficacy of chemically synthesized, nature-derived, monoclonal antibody and recombinant DNA compounds (TNF-α inhibitors, T-cell suppressors, inhibitors of MAP kinase, and JAK) and 3 studies depict the benefits of alternative agents (ZSTK474, gold sodium thiomalate nanoparticles and whole body cryotherapy) in PsA. A critical...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2021 in |
Sulfonamides, sometimes called sulfa drugs, are the first drug that is largely employed and systematically essential for preventive and chemotherapeutic agents against various bacteria. Sulfonamides possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as Oral hypoglycemic, antileprotic, anti-epileptic, anti-hypertensive, anti-bacterial, anti-protozoal, anti-fungal, antiretroviral, non-peptidic vasopressin receptor antagonists, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, translation initiation inhibitors, and used as a diuretic. The rapid evolution of drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections has demanded a universal effort to search for new generation sulfonamide derivatives. The sulphonamides or sulfa drugs competitively inhibit folic acid synthesis in microorganisms and subsequently inhibit the multiplication of bacteria but do not actively kill them. These sulfonamides have a variety of synthetic reactions to work with. On the basis of the literature survey, the present review highlights research work in the recent decade, including potential antimicrobial activities of sulfonamides compounds. This review covers current advances related to synthesis and pharmacological effects of sulfonamides, especially in apprehension to anti-microbial...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2021 in |
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Presently, one-quarter of the world’s population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. Tuberculosis is a major global health threat. There is a progressive increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR). Multi drug resistance (MDR)-TB and Extensively drug resistance (XDR)-TB poses a vital challenge to the control of tuberculosis. Numbers of drugs are available in the market for the treatments of tuberculosis as well as many new drugs are also available for the treatment of MDR-TB and XDR-TB. This review article covers most of the different official and reported analytical methods for the estimation of the first line, second line oral, and newer anti-TB drugs. The main objective of this review is to classify, summarize, and discusses the different proposed analytical methods for the estimation of above mentioned anti-TB drugs alone and in combination with other drugs in bulk, pharmaceutical formulation and biological...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2021 in |
Pharmaceutical chemistry is devoted to the discovery and development of new agents for treating diseases. Inorganic compound continues to be important in therapy, for example, as antacids, mineral supplements, and radiopharmaceuticals, but organic molecules with increasingly specific pharma-cological activities are clearly dominant. The five and six-membered heterocyclic nitrogen-containing systems such as pyrazole, imidazole, trizoles, thiozolidine, pyrazolidine, etc., are far by the most important in the ongoing research for more efficacious drugs in the fields such as anti-bacterial, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, diuretics, and anti-histaminic, etc. Pyrazoline is a five-membered heterocyclic compound having two adjacent nitrogen atoms within the ring. It has only one endocyclic double bond and is basic in nature. Pyrazole derivatives have a long history of application in agrochemicals and pharmaceutical industry as herbicides and active pharmaceuticals. The recent success of pyrazole COX-2 inhibitors has further highlighted the importance of these heterocyclic rings in medicinal chemistry. Many scientists have synthesized novel pyrazoline derivatives. They have characterized the synthesized compounds by thin-layer chromatographic technique and analyzed the spectrum by...
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