Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Benzimidazoles are well known biologically active N-containing heterocycles, widely used as drugs such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antihelmintic. In addition, N1 and C2-substituted benzimidazoles and their derivatives have been found to be potent biologically active compounds as well. Further, N1-substituted benzimidazoles have exhibited anti-microbial, antihelmintic activities and also antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type-1. Specifically, N1-substituted benzimidazole like 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole is known for inhibition of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. Another N1-substituted benzimidazole derivative called enviroxime [2-amino-1- (isopropyl-sulphonyl)-6-benzimidazole phenyl ketone oxime] was reported to be a potent inhibitor of rhinovirus replication in human embryonic nasal organ cultures. The biological activities of these compounds depend upon the substitution on the benzimidazole at the N-1 or C-2 position. Since the benzimidazole heterocyclic ring system mimics the purine bases like adenine and guanine of nucleic acids, the N1-substituted benzimidazole may incorporate into viral nucleic acid by enzymatic process and subsequently can alter the structure and/ or function of viral...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Laccase belongs to polyphenol oxidases, which is a very wide family of copper-containing atoms in the center, which serves as the catalytic site. It is biochemically a glycoprotein with molecular mass being between 50kda to 130kda and 30% carbohydrate content, in addition to this it has three types of copper atoms. It is one of the most important enzymes due to its role in the food industry. It acts as a biosensor where it can detect morphine, codeine, catecholamine, and many other enzymes. In insects, it performs the function of cuticle sclerotization. Moreover, laccase is safe for human consumption. The most important factor which has prevented laccase from being insanely famous is the cost that is associated with using a very large quantity of laccase. Laccases can be extracted from almost all kinds of white-rot fungi as well as from various other fungi species such as Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Gloeophyllum trabeum but not in any brown-rot species except Coniophora puteana as was recently discovered. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Trichoderma...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
In many aspects, polymeric materials have a pre-eminent position among excipients as they form the backbone of modern pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery technologies in particular. A polymer is a natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic substance that is combined with a drug or other active pharmaceutical ingredient or excipient to release the drug in a pre-programmed manner. The drug delivery system focuses particularly on the enhancement of bioavailability, site-specific release, mucoadhesive release, sustained release, controlled release, targeted release. For achieving different release patterns as mentioned above different types of polymers are needed. Though there are various natural semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers available Eudragit polymers always have special consideration during polymer selection as it can offer a variety of grades which are useful during product development for any of the above-mentioned purpose. This article reviews Eudragit polymers in terms of usefulness during pharmaceutical applications. Eudragit polymers that are chemically Polymethacrylates are synthetic cationic, anionic and non-ionicpolymers of dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios. Eudragit polymers play...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2020 in |
Chalcones are naturally occurring compounds with a wide range of biological activities along with an anticancer activity through various mechanisms. It is also known as aromatic ketone, which creates a central core for different essential biologically active compounds. The literature on anticancer chalcones shows the use of various prolonged approaches like structural manipulation and replacement of both aryl rings, molecular hybridization by combination with other pharmacological important moieties to enhance anticancer characteristics. Methoxy substitution on both the chalcones A and B aryl rings based on their position in the aryl rings, usually affect anticancer and other activities. Additionally, chalcones affect the anticancer activity proven through the various categories of compounds. Hybrid chalcones developed by chemically linking chalcones to other leading anticancer scaffolds such as benzodiazepines, imidazole, benzothiazole have proved complementary or intrinsic pharmacological behavior. This study summarizes the concerted attempts made in the design and growth of anticancer chalcones reported in the latest literature and also gives an overview of recently released...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2020 in |
Chronopharmacology is the science that is of different types in the pharmacological activities of different treatment over organic timings and endogenous balance. Chronotherapeutics is the science which increases the creativity and security of prescriptions by balancing their fixations during the 24 h synchronizing with regular routine determinants of disease. Chronopharmacokinetics again manages time and predictable changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of medicines. For example manages the examination of the fleeting changes in the assimilation, dissemination, digestion, and disposal because of the time of planning of the treatment. Circadian rhythms are especially notable in drugs. Biologic rhythms are the endogenic nature of circadian. Chronopharmaceutics is depicted as a part of pharmaceutics gave to the plan and evaluation of medication prescribing structure that discharges a bioactive specialist at a musicality that preferably coordinates the natural prerequisite of given disease treatment. The fresher treatment conveyance structure that is structured with the chronopharmacological approach holds incredibly long for conveying better patient consideration regarding viability, resistance, and wellbeing parameters of the...
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