Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
The Increase in industrialization has raised the levels of heavy metal pollution in the country. Heavy metals are entering through the water supply, which is ultimately reaching into streams, lakes, rivers, and groundwater. So, ultimately, these heavy metals are causing environmental pollution, which is becoming a threat to humans as well as animals as the heavy metal pollution is linked with various life-threatening diseases as discussed below. It is very difficult to remove these potent and hazardous metals from the environment as they cannot be degraded chemically and biologically. Bioremediation offers an economical approach to remove these contaminants. Bioremediation uses both live microorganisms as well as plants (Phytoremediation) for the removal of heavy metals. Among toxic heavy metals, cadmium is one such metal which is harmful to flora and fauna. The study shows the present concrete scenario as well as the previous findings in this field of remediation of potent heavy metals, especially cadmium, which is very...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
Osteoarthritis is accepted as the most growing, frequent, debilitating and heterogeneous condition that worsens the quality of life globally in the elderly, affecting an estimated 10% of men and 18% of women over 60 years of age with a rise in both prevalence and incidence. At present, there is no definite cure for osteoarthritis and no effective treatments which arrest or slow its progression; however multiple numbers of treatments ranging from newly approved oral medications, topical agents, intra-articular injections to surgery exist, but these treatments are sometimes disappointing and may have a detrimental effect on health. Hence, traditional plants appear to be efficacious and safe with the anti-osteoarthritic effect that aid for greater relief of symptoms and/or disability along with highlighting various phytochemical with scientifically proven, and validated. In this present review study, an effort is made to treat OA by focusing on the clinical, scientific and mechanistic rationale for targeting inflammatory signaling pathways in OA by use of traditional...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
Diabetes, a chronic endocrine metabolic disorder, is managed using several anti-diabetic medications. Being a chronic disease requiring lifelong medications, the long-term safety profile and patient acceptance are crucial to achieving therapeutic success. The available medications are known to have common side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, and gastrointestinal adverse effects. Uncommon adverse effects, although rare can be troublesome in some patients and may lead to decreased medication adherence/concordance and hence treatment failure. There are reports of metformin being associated with lactic acidosis and sulfonylureas with cholestatic jaundice. Piogliatazone can have a rare adverse effect of pulmonary edema with or without congestive heart failure. Acarbose can be the reason for ileus and sub ileus in patients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists like liraglutide can cause pancreatitis. Careful consideration of anti-diabetics while prescribing, adequate clinical and laboratory monitoring and proper counseling of patients might help in prevention and early detection of these rare but severe adverse effects of anti-diabetics....
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
The concept of quality by design (QbD) justifies the saying that, quality is not an act, it is a habit. This innovative and systematic approach to pharmaceutical development based on scientific principles has been a breakthrough in developing quality products with a high level of reproducibility. The process of QbD is based on risk management which leads to a better understanding of the product and its manufacturing process, resulting in products with required quality, safety, and efficacy. As the quality and reliability requirements of today’s world are constantly increasing, QbD serves as an important tool in outperforming the global competition. This paper comprehensively discusses the concept of pharmaceutical quality by design, elements of QbD; quality target product profile (QTPP), critical quality attributes (CQAs), design space, control strategy, and lifecycle management. Application of QbD across various fields of pharmaceutical development including formulation development, analytical method development, phytopharmaceutical & biopharmaceutical product development are encompassed in the...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2019 in |
Genotoxicity has fully-grown into a serious question for the cause of several cancers. In this article, we discuss the basics of genotoxicity, the chemicals which cause these genetic damages and also their mechanism of action. The discovery of new drug needs a thorough investigation for its safety and efficacy before their release into the market so, the drug development process and drug attrition, regulatory tests to detect compounds with genotoxic and carcinogenic potential are discussed in the article. And also, a brief discussion about the recent advances in genotoxicity testing, pre-clinical investigations generally to obtain the basic fundamental profile of toxicological and new chemical entities (NCE), the integration of the cytogenetic tests into repeated dose toxicity studies can be used to satisfy the in-vivo cytogenetic data requirement in CFR are explained. Finally, a brief account of the drugs being used in present days, and also some plant products which show antimutagenic effects have been emphasized....
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