Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive metabolic disorder affecting nearly 20% females, globally. Though Rotterdam consensus is widely used for assessment, it lacks definite diagnostic guidelines. Absence of PCOS guidelines for adolescent and post-menopausal women might be influencing the prevalence data. The prevalence varied with ethnicities and found high in urban than rural. Among women in reproductive age, the obese rural population also found vulnerable to PCOS, indicates the role of lifestyle factors in this syndrome. Erratic lifestyle predisposes to insulin resistance, or obesity leads to subsequent hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia. Also, genetic predisposition to hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis dysfunction and impaired ovarian steroidogenesis further influence the disorder. It dysregulates the oocyte maturation leading to polycystic ovaries, thereby, affects the normal ovarian functions. The environmental toxins which are endocrine disruptors further worsens the consequence of the disorder. Multiple factors make it difficult to decipher the independent pathway of pathogenesis. Apart from ovulatory and reproductive dysfunctions, PCOS have chronic metabolic consequences: cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnoea,...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection which is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is next to AIDS and causes morbidity and mortality. These bacteria can stay in the host’s body for decades. In this article we have mentioned about the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis followed by the pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis wherein the bacteria first enter to the lungs which then form into macrophages, these macrophages form into granulomas which get ruptured and enter the brain and then enter the subarachnoid space causing tuberculous meningitis. The current treatment methods available, their dosage forms and penetrance into the CSF is also mentioned. Usually, the first line drugs are used in combination to treat the disease but in the case of resistance second-line drugs are used. The duration of the treatment depends on the severity of the disease. Even though, there are many drugs available to treat the disease the amount of drug entering the brain is minimal due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). So, due to...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Benzothiazole derivatives have a wide interest because of their diverse biological activities and clinical use. This bicyclic compound consists of a fusion of benzene nucleus with a five-membered ring comprising nitrogen and sulphur atoms. It is a vital Pharmacophore and privileged structure in medicinal chemistry and exhibits various useful therapeutic activities such as anti-tubercular, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, analgesic, neurodegenerative disorders, local brain ischemia, and central muscle relaxant activities. Moreover, it can be easily found in a range of marine or terrestrial natural compounds that have tremendous biological activities. Benzothiazoles have a promising biological profile and are easy to access which makes this pharmacophore an interesting molecule for designing new bioactive benzothiazole...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Dementia is a cognitive decline which interferes with normal psychological functioning and behavioral patterns. Dementia is as a group of neurodegenerative diseases, which affects about 1 to 4% of the world’s population over 65 years old. Several aetiologies are involved in the pathogenesis of dementia. Patient suffering or suffered from cardiovascular diseases (like hypertension, hypercholesteremia, diabetes, cerebral ischemia, and stroke) and neurodegenerative disorders are more vulnerable to dementia. Other factors like alcohol consumption and smoking further exacerbate this neurodegenerative disorder. Most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer’s dementia, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia and dementia with Lewy body. Alzheimer’s dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies are more common in the elderly. Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), which may precipitate as a result of long term CVS diseases. Semantic dementia involves a progressive decline in semantic memory (knowledge of objects, people, concepts and words). In Lewy body dementia (LBD), aggregation of α-synuclein inhibits the neuronal development and plays a...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2019 in |
Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. also known as horse gram or Kulthi bean has been an underutilized legume crop with immense medicinal importance/potential. It is considered as a rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals. It is characteristically known for its biotic and abiotic resistance, e.g., resistant to drought, salt, and insects. There are umpteen references available in the traditional medicinal system reverberating its medicinal significance. Its various bioactivities like anti-diabetic, analgesics, anticalcifying, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-obesity, antihelmintic, antioxidant, larvicidal and anorectic properties have already been reported. Despite being both sturdy and nutritive food crop, its consumption is very low. The present review attempts to compile medicinal uses of this crop to attract the people for its consumption. Its regular consumption not only adds to health benefits but also provides useful...
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