Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Medicinal plants have been utilized to treat a wide range of illnesses throughout human history. Plants are able to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, which are chemical substances that assist them defend against predators. The plants are significant for their therapeutic significance because of these organic ingredients, which also have various biological actions. Red silk cotton tree, or Bombax ceiba L., is a member of the Bombacaceae family of plants. B. ceiba is a tall tree whose components are used to treat a variety of ailments. These parts include the flower, leaf, gum, fruits, seed, stem bark, roots, heartwood, and thorns. Essential phytoconstituents including lupeol, vanillin, anthocyanins, shamimin, and mangiferin are found in B. ceiba. The herb has been used therapeutically in Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani medicine, among other ancient medical systems. This page provides a thorough analysis of B. ceiba’s pharmacological, phytochemical, and therapeutic...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Today, obesity has become a global pandemic affecting billions of people worldwide. It is associated with increased risks of various diseases, including cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and diabetes, making it a significant public health issue. Obesity has also been linked to an elevated risk of metabolic diseases and changes in brain structure and function. The body mass index (BMI) is widely used to determine excessive weight in relation to height and age. However, BMI may not be accurate for everyone, and BMI z-scores are employed when analyzing data on children and adolescents. The accumulation of excess body fat, which contributes to obesity, is attributed to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, controlled by the brain’s central nervous system. Disturbances in the brain circuits that regulate energy balance can impact body weight and adiposity, often involving changes in neurotransmission, which may be addressed with CNS-targeting drugs. The pathogenesis of obesity is characterized by a chronic energy imbalance between excessive calorie intake and inadequate calorie expenditure, primarily...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
The development of fast-dissolving oral thin films has recently followed the progression of dosage forms from straightforward ordinary tablets and capsules to modified release tablets and capsules, oral disintegrating tablets, and wafers. A hydrophilic polymer used in fast- dissolving oral thin films quickly hydrates or adheres when applied on the tongue or in buccal cavity. These films melt or disintegrate in a matter of seconds, releasing the active ingredient without need for drinking or chewing. A drug-containing thin film with surface area of 5 to 20 cm2 is called an oral dissolving film. The maximum single dose of the drugs that can be loaded is 30 mg. As opposed to tablets, several pharmaceutical companies are now producing oral thin films that dissolve quickly. Films combine the benefits of liquid dosage forms with those of tablets, such as exact dose and simple administration (easy swallowing, rapid bioavailability). At the same time, it gives a general overview of crucial formulation design factors that have an impact on thin films, such as...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Within the Magnoliopsida class, Pyrus pashia is widely found throughout the Himalayan areas. P. pashia is a member of the Rosaceae family of medicinal plants. It’s commonly called a wild pear. The plant has a range of nutritional and medicinal uses. In ethnomedicine, it is widely utilized as a hepatoprotective, inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, disinfectant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidepressant to treat a wide range of illnesses. The genus P. pashia comprises approximately 38 species globally and contains approximately 160 phytochemical compounds, including primary and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. Additionally, it contains useful polyphenolic therapeutic constituents like arbutin, flavan-3-ols, and chlorogenic acids. The phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, ethnomedicinal applications, and toxicological profile of P. pashia are all thoroughly updated in this review. This plant’s scientific understanding as well as its potential for use in pharmaceutical research in the future, are critically...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) plays a vital role in cell signaling pathways essential for various physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of PI3K signaling is implicated in the development and progression of several cancers. Activation of PI3K leads to the phosphorylation of critical proteins such as protein kinase B (PKB), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), facilitated by the presence of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3). PI3K is involved in regulating immune responses, including thymocyte growth, neutrophil migration, and T cell activation. Numerous malignancies, including melanoma, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, have been linked to PI3K activity. For instance, PI3K activation is known to enhance breast cancer cell migration and invasion by stimulating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Structurally, PI3Kγ consists of a catalytic subunit (P110γ) and regulatory subunits that modulate its activity. The P110γ domain architecture includes a C2 domain, helical domain, Ras-binding domain, and catalytic domain, which are critical for its function. The ATP binding pocket of P110γ...
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