Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
Alpinia is the largest and most taxonomically complex genus in the Zingiberaceae family. This includes about 230 species and widely spread throughout forests in tropical and subtropical Asia. Many of species are herbs and rich sources of bioactive compounds that extensively used in various purposes ranging from its use in culinary, prevention of diseases and ornamental purposes. There is no reported systematic method to differentiate many of the species within the genus particularly species used in medicinal preparations except heavily used ones. Many species in this genus could have the potentials to be utilized commercially due to valuable phytochemicals but never subjected to any kind of systematic study. Therefore, a proper morphological and physicochemical identification is a must to maintain sustainable exploration of many species of the genera. This review focuses on gathering information regarding genus Alpinia including morphological characteristics, phytochemicals, and their biological activities which provide information for further advance research...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2019 in |
Aging is a natural phenomenon; it is a well-known fact that everyone is aging as time passes. A major contributor to this process is cell senescence. Cell senescence can be a result of the exposure to stress such as oxidative stress, epigenomic damage or DNA damage, or it can be due to telomere shortening is also known as end replication problem. It was first observed by Hayflick. Senescent cells show a distinctive feature called Senescent associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) which includes increased expression of p16 and Beta-galactosidase can be used as a marker for senescent cells. Senescent cells are involved in exacerbating various kinds of age-related disorders such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. This review is focused on the major factors responsible for cell senescence, its related pathways, and the role of cell senescence in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The paper also throws light on how cell senescence can be used to treat cancer known as therapy-induced senescence and various strategies to...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2019 in |
Present study explains the cancer nano-therapeutics which is rapidly progressing and are being implemented to solve several limitations of conventional drug delivery systems such as nonspecific biodistribution and targeting, lack of water solubility, poor oral bioavailability. To improve the bio-distribution of cancer drugs, nanoparticles have been designed with optimal size and surface characteristics to increase their circulation time in the bloodstream. They are also able to carry their loaded active drugs to cancer cells by selectively using the unique pathophysiology of tumors, such as their enhanced permeability and retention effect and the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will address, first, the types and characteristics of nanoparticles; second, how nanoparticles are being used as drug delivery systems to kill cancer cells more effectively and also to reduce or overcome drug resistance; and third, how nanoparticles had been formulated and evaluated to improve their therapeutic action, efficacy, and functionality in future cancer treatments. Finally, nanoparticles have greater therapeutic action towards cancer...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2019 in |
Rheumatoid arthritis is a very common auto-immune inflammatory disorder, causing disability in developed and developing countries. Conventional drugs are not only costly but are also associated with very serious adverse effects. Several Indian medicinal plants have been traditionally used for their anti-arthritic effect since time immemorial. Present review focused on the immunomodulatory potentials and anti-inflammatory action of some selected medicinal plants in order to generate the experimental evidence of their therapeutic efficacy in this disease and thereby putting the base for the designing of advanced and safer drugs for this condition, thereby leading to the finding of alternative therapeutic process that can offer enhanced management of the disease. Further, these plants extent studies can result in an eco-friendly cost effective anti-arthritic herbal drug with anti-inflammatory properties contributing to the better maintenance of human society. This review summarizes the different studies performed using these medicinal plants screened for rheumatoid arthritis concerning the chemical constituents, screening methods and therapeutic moieties which will be a remarkable tool for the researcher who involves...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2019 in |
Indole and coumarin are the most versatile and cogent heterocyclic scaffolds which are not only decisively used in the synthesis of various organic compounds but also play a consequence role in natural product synthesis, modulation of biofilm formation, virulence and stress responses. In last few decades, an individual has witnessed considerable activity towards the synthesis of indole derivatives due to the possibilities for the design of polycyclic structures by the incorporation of multiple fused heterocyclic scaffolds in an attempt to achieve promising new heterocycles with chemical and biomedical relevance. Whereas, coumarin is a 2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran and, also, have a wide range of application in the pharmaceutical field. In this review, we provide an overview of the synthesis of coumarin and indoles and their pharmacological evolution. The coumarin was synthesized using phenols, salicylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, phenylacetate, styrenes, and cinnamic acid with different catalyst and photocatalyst to give the best yield. Similarly, Indoles were synthesized iodobenzoic acid, alkynes, amines, alcohols, Nitrobenzaldehyde with the different catalyst under conventional and irradiation method. The effect of...
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