Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
From the beginning of civilization, humans depend on the natural products for their food and as medical treatment. Diversity in various bioactive compounds from marine organisms has been tested for the multiple pharmacological effects. Marine algae are surviving in a competitive environment with developed defense strategies and significant levels of chemical structural diversity with a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. Therefore, algae are a promising source of novel active biochemical compounds with different pharmacological properties for the prospective development of novel drugs by the pharmaceutical industries. Microalgae (blue-green, dinoflagellates, bacillariophyte, etc.) and Macroalgae (green, brown and red algae) are the two groups of algae. Caulerpa is the genera of green macroalgae, represent the numerous bioactive compounds like tannin, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, sulphated polysaccharides (SP), glycosides, phenolic compounds, and saponins, etc., for significant pharmacological effects in the current medicine. Exploration of these compounds for the pharmaceutical and medical purpose, the present review focused on morphological behavior and pharmacological activities of some Caulerpa species in current drug...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in females of reproductive age. Globally, it has been found that PCOS affects 10% of reproductive-age women when using the NIH criteria for diagnosis, and up to 18% of reproductive-age women are diagnosed with PCOS as per the Rotterdam criteria. Mostly symptoms of PCOS include irregular menstrual cycles, signs of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Women with PCOS are at increased risk for developing reproductive, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The measures for management of PCOS targets the symptoms which are present in a patient such as lowering body weight and insulin levels, restoring fertility, treating hirsutism or acne, restoring regular menstruation and preventing complications. Early detection of long-term morbidities through appropriate screening tests constitutes an essential part of the management of this condition. Future research has to focus on the missing blocks in our growing knowledge about this condition, following that physicians will be able to provide the finest care for...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Diabetes mellitus is a merge of assorted disorders commonly arise with happening of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to which there be a lack of insulin production will occur. The two major classes of diabetes mellitus are type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. For the prevention and controlling the increase of glucose, medical science uses a large array of pharmaceutical interventions. The disease occurs due to diabetes is of two types, the one which occurs in the small vessel is the microvascular disease, and the injury which occurs in the large blood vessels of the body is the macrovascular disease. Diabetic retinopathy is the common microvascular complication of diabetes. The diabetic retinopathy and the microvascular complication of diabetes are depending on the duration of diabetes and the severity of the increased production of glucose in the body. Various types of DR have been reported like mild non-proliferative retinopathy, moderate non-proliferative retinopathy, severe non-proliferative retinopathy, and proliferative retinopathy. Some signaling mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2019 in |
Seaweeds are the potential marine living resources in the world. More than 20,000 seaweeds are distributed throughout the world, of which only 221 (1.1%) are commercially utilized, which includes 145 species for food and 110 species for phycocolloid production. The biodiversity of the marine environment and the associated chemical diversity constitute a practically unlimited resource of new active substances in the field of the development of bioactive products. Carrageenans are galactans extracted mainly from species belonging to Gigartinales. These sulfated galactans, consist of linear chains of D-galactopyranoses linked in a (1 & 3) and b (1 & 4). Seaweeds constitute some of the most important reservoirs of new therapeutic compounds for humans. Several of them have been shown to have many biological activities, including anticancer activity, in this present review study is mainly focused on Hypnea...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2019 in |
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from ductal and lobular cells of the breast. It is the most commonly occurring female cancer in the world. After cervical cancer, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in India. Several factors are known to affect the risk of breast cancer. There is mainly two types of breast cancer: ductal and lobular carcinoma. Estrogen, directly and indirectly, stimulates the growth of tumor cells. Several procedures can be used to diagnose breast cancer mainly radiological investigations, estrogen, and progesterone receptor test, and genomic assay. Breast cancer stages describe by the TNM staging system. Breast cancer treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. The estrogen receptor (ER) is an important target to develop drugs for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. The interaction of estrogen with the ER can result in increased proliferation of target cells, so the rationale for endocrine therapy is to block the interaction of estrogen with the ER. This goal can be accomplished by using...
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