Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
Bisphenol-A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane is an emerging environmental toxicant with endocrine disrupting properties and toxic effects on living organisms. BPA is ubiquitously present in consumer products current in our daily lives. As it is released from consumer products and deposited in the environment, thus creating the potential for human exposure through oral, inhaled, and dermal routes. BPA exposure might be able to cause oxidative damage by disturbing the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system of eukaryotic cells, resulting in the development of oxidative stress-related diseases. From the available information, it can be inferred that a wide variety of BPA intake through any mode results into a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), altering the antioxidant balance of eukaryotic cells, induces mitochondrial dysfunction, and affects cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress. BPA induced oxidative stress might be able to cause sperm damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impairment of the structure and function of spermatozoa resulting in male infertility. Here, a review of the current literature...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
The scenario of pharmaceutical drug delivery are expeditiously challenging, but conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms are still dominating. Immediate release dosage forms are those wherein ≥85% of labeled amount dissolves within 30 min. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. The basic approach used in the formulation of the tablet is the use of superdisintegrants like croscarmellose, sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone, etc. These superdisintegrants provide instantaneous disintegration of the tablet after administration in the stomach. Thus, decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. The rapid disintegration may be due to the rapid uptake of water from the medium, swelling, burst effect and thereby promoting bioavailability. Tablets formulations are mostly preferred because of the low cost of manufacture, package, shipment, increased stability. Among various dosage forms used for oral drug delivery, tablets are one of the most successful and marketable drug delivery regimens as it provides several advantages over another form of dosage forms. This article provide an exhaustive account illustrating the...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
Nanotechnology is emerging as a field in pharmacy and medicine that is expected to elicit significant therapeutic benefits especially in the field of drug targeting. The development of effective nanocarriers capable of carrying therapeutic agents specifically and safely to a desired site of action is one of the most challenging tasks facing drug formulation researchers. Serious research attempts had been conducted to reformulate and add new dimensions to the existing blockbuster therapeutic agents to achieve and maintain therapeutic breakthroughs. Integration of nanocarriers therapeutic agent delivery technologies in pre-formulation work accelerate the development of new therapeutic moieties and help in the reduction of attrition of new molecular entities caused by undesirable biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties. Careful modification of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers provides improved control over the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the encapsulated therapeutic agents relative to free drugs that would typically lead to a superior therapeutic index of the encapsulated agent. Nanocarriers vary from biological substances such as albumins, proteins, peptides, and phospholipid liposomes, to chemical substances such as...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is an interminable metabolic disorder that has highly affected human health and quality of life. Conventional agents are being applied to control this disorder along with lifestyle management. But they are not totally effective and nobody has ever been diagnosed with full recovery of diabetes. Medicinal plants have been used for greater extent for control of diabetes mellitus in various traditional system of medicine worldwide as they are of natural origin and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Costus igneus is known as a blazing Costus, step stepping stool or Spiral banner. In India, it is popularly known as insulin plant due to the consumption of leaves of Costus igneus helps to prevent diabetes mellitus by decreasing the blood glucose level. A comprehensive review was conducted to collect data about medicinal herbs used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This review deals with the study of chemical structures of plant constituents and their mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Review is mainly...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2019 in |
Green chemistry or sustainable chemistry focuses on designing products and processes that minimize the generation or use of hazardous substances. Green chemistry, though not a new area, has recently gained much importance because of increasing environmental concerns. Industries now focus on adopting processes which are mainly non- hazardous, easier to undertake, lesser energy and time consuming, using re-usable reagents, degeneration of drastic materials, and more economical. These concepts have identified and developed various technologies such as microwave, ultrasonic, UV radiation, electrochemistry, etc., as green technologies. Solvents such as water, has significant importance, being non-hazardous, easily recoverable, and lowering unnecessary wastage of energy. Other recoverable solvents such as acetone, alcohol, methanol, etc., come under green chemicals. Catalysts that promote chemical reactions, without causing hazardous effect and are recoverable are also a part of green chemistry. All the aspects of green chemistry, improving the level of research in chemistry and advance techniques make the experimental work easier to new researchers. This is a positive and harmless growth in the field of...
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