Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
The oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs presents a major challenge because of the low aqueous solubility of such compounds. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and co-solvents/surfactants, can be used for the design of formulations in order to improve the oral absorption of highly lipophilic drug compounds. SEDDS can be orally administered in soft or hard gelatin capsules and form fine relatively stable oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions upon aqueous dilution owing to the gentle agitation of the gastrointestinal fluids. The efficiency of oral absorption of the drug compound from the SEDDS depends on many formulation-related parameters, such as surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant ratio, polarity of the emulsion, droplet size and charge, all of which in essence determine the self-emulsification ability. Thus, only very specific pharmaceutical excipient combinations will lead to efficient self-emulsifying systems. Although many studies have been carried out, there are few drug products on the pharmaceutical market formulated as SEDDS confirming the difficulty of formulating hydrophobic drug compounds into such formulations. At...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
The traditional Siddha system of medicine has its origin in South India, and it deals with the well being of human race from neonates to Geriatrics. Presently there is an emerging increase in research and publications regarding the evaluation of traditional medicines primarily based on phytochemical, pharmacological, sophisticated instrumental analysis including various in vitro and in-vivo studies. Still there exists a gap area in the analysis of ancient literature which is the backbone on which the antique system of medicine such as Siddha exclusively stands. Kiranthi is an ancient Tamil term that is mentioned in the Siddha literature under Karuvil thondrum noigal (Diseases due to intra uterine factors). The prevention and management of Pediatric diseases have been dealt in the Siddha literature. Though these literature were written by ancient sages of South India thousands of years ago, it is quite interesting to know that parallel analysis of these age old poems have revealed its correlation with modern neonatological texts and terminologies. Therefore, this literature analysis was undertaken to compare...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
A diet rich in marine fishes and general seafood has long been recommended by several medical authorities as a long-term nutritional intervention to preserve overall health and wellbeing. An association between consumption of fish and seafood and beneficial effects on a variety of health outcomes has been reported in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials. These effects are mainly attributed to the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) abundant in fish and seafood, and in particular to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Reports on health benefits have led to increased demand for products containing marine n-3 PUFAs. Since fish is a restricted resource, there is growing interest in exploiting alternative sources of marine n-3 PUFAs. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a rich source of n-3 PUFAs. Most of the health benefits provided by frequent seafood consumption come from adequate uptake of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3/n-6 PUFAs, and antioxidants. Optimal n-3/n-6 PUFAs ratios allow efficient inflammatory responses that prevent the initiation and progression of many...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
The skin covers a total surface area of approximately 1.8 m2 and provides the contact between the human body and its external environment. Transdermal route of drug delivery has gained great interest in pharmaceutical research as it overcomes many problems associated with the oral route of administration. Although the skin, particularly the stratum corneum presents a barrier to most drug absorption, it provides a large (1.2 m2) and accessible surface area for drug diffusion. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment the transdermal delivery of bioactives. Mainly, they include iontophoresis, electrophoresis, sonophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, magnetophoresis, microneedles, vesicular systems (liposomes, niosomes, elastic liposomes such as ethosomes, transfersomes and transethosomes). Among these transethosomes appear to be more promising as they possess both lipophilic and hydrophilic regions and can accommodate drug molecules with a wide range of solubility. Transethosomes can deform and pass through a narrow constriction that is 5 to 10 times less than its own diameter. This high deformability gives better penetration of intact vesicles. These vesicles can...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2018 in |
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid. It occurs in almost every fraction of the environment. It is moving in each and every corner of our environment. Levels of arsenic (As) in the environment have become a global concern due to its toxicity and adverse effects on human health and other living beings. It is highly toxic even at low concentrations. It is also carcinogenic. Although, its natural sources are igneous and sedimentary rocks, the anthropogenic source of arsenic (As) plays an important role to maintain its concentration in our environment. The mining, smelting and refining, industrial processes, coal combustion, and waste incineration are released arsenic (As) in the environment. It may undergo cycling processes in the environment after release in the environment. This cycling process occurs depending upon few factors such as its oxidation state, speciation, concentrations and the presence of organic matter, competing ions, and other environmental factors (e.g., pH, redox). This paper reviews the natural and anthropogenic occurrence of arsenic in the environment, toxicity of arsenic and newly invented scientific low coast household and the other...
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