Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
This review emphasizes the effectiveness of bioanalytical techniques in pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and toxicological evaluations, highlighting their essential role in drug development. The quantitative assessment of pharmaceuticals, metabolites, and endogenous chemicals in biological matrices such blood, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid was the focus of a thorough examination of bioanalysis procedures. Sample collection, preparation, analysis, and reporting are among the essential processes in the bioanalytical process that are described in the review. Particular focus is placed on the phases of method development, from pre-validation to literature evaluation, as well as sample preparation methods such as protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction. Method validation procedures were based on international norms like ICH Q2 and M10. The outcomes show that data correctness, precision, selectivity, and dependability are guaranteed by established bioanalytical techniques. Different stages of drug development require different forms of validation, such as cross-, partial, and full validation. Effective method validation is essential for both clinical monitoring and medication approval because it reduces variability and promotes regulatory compliance. For drug...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Owing to the abundant evidence in preclinical models, Cinnamon, and its bioactive constituents are being explored currently for their preventative and therapeutic potential against select neurodegenerative conditions. Cinnamon contains a wide variety of bioactive components viz., cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid, tannin, catechin, proanthocyanidin, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and coumarin. Cinnamon bark powder, its various extracts and selected components have shown promising results in numerous in-vitro and in-vivo preclinical models. Its efficacy as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive enhancing properties, and its propensity to modulate several key biochemical and molecular targets in AD, PD, and TBI models has raised considerable interest among researchers who strongly advocate the use of natural compounds to delay /prevent the progression of neurodegenerative conditions. The present review aims to discuss the status of the current data related to the therapeutic propensity of Cinnamon and its derivatives and highlights the need for well-designed clinical...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Improper disposal of unused, expired, or partially consumed medicines through household trash or drains releases active drug residues into soil and water, harming aquatic life, disturbing microbial balance, and promoting antibiotic resistance. In India, limited waste management systems and low public awareness worsen this problem. Article shown that most people were unaware of proper disposal methods or formal take-back/collection programs and commonly mixed medicines with domestic waste or flushed them, indicating a major knowledge gap. Pharmacies can act as key intervention points by serving as collection centers, providing counselling, and displaying educational materials on safe disposal. Integrating green pharmacy concepts into pharmacy education and community health activities can build long-term responsible behavior. A “Safe Drug Disposal Program” involving pharmacy-based collection bins, public guidance campaigns, and authorized biomedical waste handlers, supported by health authorities and regulators, can substantially reduce pharmaceutical pollution and its health and environmental risks. Additionally, collaboration with local NGOs, schools, and community groups can strengthen outreach, ensuring broader participation and sustained impact of safe disposal initiatives. Regulatory...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Traditional Siddha Medicine (TSM) is one of the oldest forms of traditional medicine, having its roots in South India’s ancient Tamil Nadu. One of the Internal Medicines available in Classical text Brammamuni Karukkidai Choothiram is Nilavagai Chooranam. It is used to treat Malakkattu (Constipation), Vaaivu (One of the three humours), Soodukollal (Intense heat in pelvic region), Sori & Sirangu (A kind of itch or scabies), Moolavaayu (Accumulation of bowel gas), Malam suththi (Stool/faeces will be purified), Moola noygal (Diseases of Anorectal region). Ingredients of the formulation and their pharmacological action in various research studies are discussed in this review. The details were collected from different Siddha texts, Medicinal botany books and electronic databases such as Pubmed. In conclusion the results of the review revealed that the pharmacological actions such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, laxative and vasoactive actions were consistent with the medicinal uses of each ingredient of formulation with respect to anorectal...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Aqueous solubility refers to a drug’s ability to dissolve in water or an aqueous medium, and this property plays a pivotal role in determining its effectiveness. A major challenge in modern drug development is that a large proportion around 70–90% of investigational compounds and approximately 40% of marketed drugs exhibit low solubility. This limitation often results in insufficient absorption, compromised therapeutic action, and the need for higher dosages. To address this, a variety of physical and chemical strategies have been explored, such as reducing particle size, formulating solid dispersions, employing supercritical fluids, using cryogenic processing, and developing inclusion complexes. Other advanced approaches include the use of prodrugs, salt forms, co-crystals, co-solvents, hydrotropes, and pH-based solubility modulation. Additionally, nanotechnology-based systems like liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, nanogels, and nanosuspension have shown promise in enhancing drug solubility. Despite these advances, no universal solution exists, highlighting the ongoing need for simplified and scalable techniques that can broaden commercial...
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