Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease characterized by immune system dysfunction, elevated gamma globulins, and specific auto antibodies. It arises from genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation, and is typically managed with immunosuppressive therapy. The research highlights AIH risks, including disease recurrence and complications from vaccinations like COVID-19 and Hepatitis A, underscoring the need for tailored management and ongoing patient monitoring. We present a rare case of AIH in an adult male with delayed diagnosis. Initially, he experienced jaundice at 14 and managed it with alternative medicine. At 32, he was diagnosed with jaundice, liver dysfunction, and portal hypertension, which progressed despite treatment. By 34, he was diagnosed with decompensated chronic liver disease related to AIH at a government tertiary care hospital. The study explores novel diagnostic approaches, such as neuro-fuzzy cognitive maps, serum biomarkers like GDF15, and gene expression profiling to improve early detection. It also discusses emerging therapeutic strategies, including cytokine modulation and immunoproteasome inhibition, to optimize treatment outcomes. With further research, these methods...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Psychrozymes, a diverse set of cold-active enzymes produced by psychrophiles including β-galactosidases, pectinases, and amylases which are examined for their specific benefits across various food processing domains. An in-depth exploration of psychrophiles in cold fermentation processes reveals their pivotal role in shaping the sensory attributes of fermented foods and beverages. Psychrophiles contribute to nuanced flavour profiles and distinctive textures, positioning them as catalysts for innovation in cold fermentation. Psychrophiles in bio-preservation have led to advancements in cold-chain technologies, which extend the shelf life of refrigerated and frozen foods while minimizing energy consumption, providing sustainable solutions. This paper highlights food biotechnological applications, showcasing psychrophiles role in advancing brewing and bioconversion of agricultural byproducts, their influence in baking, flavouring, meat tenderization, cheese production, and animal feed formulation. Additionally, this paper also deals with the mechanism and factors contributing to survival of psychrophiles in cold temperatures. Psychrophiles transcend traditional boundaries, impacting sensory attributes and nutritional profiles across a variety of food...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Microbiota, in simple terms means the community of microorganisms, whereas microbiome means the whole genomes of the microorganisms in a particular environment. We humans consist of a large microbiome within as well as on body, most in the gut. The gut microbiota in human plays significant role in different aspects such as in human metabolism, nutrition, physiology, immune function, and various other body functions. The microbiota of human gut is mainly composed of strict anaerobes, outnumbering the facultative anaerobes. Evidence from various studies across the globe has reported that autistic people carry an altered gut microbiota in comparison to normal people, influencing the immune system thus establishing an relation between dysbiotic gut microbiota with autism. Moreover, as far as antibiotics are concerned, their irrigational use bedsides having the association with antimicrobial resistance are also associated with the autism spectrum disorder development when used in pregnancy and early childhood as reported by studies. Keeping the objective in mind, this review was written to highlight the present existing knowledge regarding gut...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Introduction: Being an Oleaceae family member, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, known as Night jasmine or Harashingar, is a legendary plant with enormous therapeutic potential. Research on the different plant parts, such as the leaf, flower, fruit, seed, and bark revealed the phytochemicals that were responsible for the primary pharmacological activities. These phytochemicals included glucose, oleanic acid, glycosides, carotene, tannic acid, flavanoids, benzoic acid, and essential oils. The present article discusses the taxonomy, vernacular names, distribution, botanical description, habitat, cultivation and propagation, traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and pharmacological activities of the plant. The article also describes the study carried out on the characterization of microscopy of the stem transverse section. Objective of the Study: To investigate the microscopic characterization of the stem of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. Method: The thin transverse section of the plant stem was treated with several chemicals like alcohol (10%, 30%, 50%, 90%, 100%) and with xylene (10%, 30%, 50%, 90%, 100%). The dyes, saffranine, and methylene blue were used to stain the stem sections. DPX assisted in making a permanent...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of DPP-4 inhibitors as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study is important because DPP-4 inhibitors have been widely prescribed, and understanding their comprehensive effects is essential for better patient outcomes. Methods: An extensive literature search has been conducted using multiple databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. All results have been analyzed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their findings are displayed statistically to ensure accurate comparisons between treatment groups. Results: DPP-4 inhibitors demonstrate significant efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to a reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels by 0.9% (9 mmol/mol; p < 0.0001) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) by 1.15 mmol/L (19.82 mg/dL; p = 0.001) among a cohort of 105 individuals. Notably, sitagliptin exhibited a remarkable HbA1c reduction of 1.66% (19 mmol/mol; p < 0.0001). These inhibitors also significantly curtailed glycemic variability, as evidenced by a mean amplitude of glycemic...
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