Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2017 in |
Now a day’s world health organisation encourage, recommends and promotes traditional, herbal remedies in health care science, because these drugs are easily available at low cost and are safe but herbal medicines are not a simple task since many factor influence biological efficacy and reproducible therapeutic effect. These day’s colonic diseases are commonly seen and needs lifelong medical attention. Because of safety, herbal medicines can play vital role in the treatment of colonic diseases. Various natural therapies, available for the treatment of colonic diseases like ulcerative colitis, Intestinal bowel syndrome, colon cancer, etc. It is possible to improve the effect of these herbal medicines by targeting to the colon. This article review a detailed study about various pharmaceutical approaches used for colon targeting such as tablet, capsules, micro-particles, micro-sponges, lyposomes, etc. with herbal drugs and their effects. Effects of different process and formulation parameters on colon targeted drug delivery system are also discussed in following...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2017 in |
Drug delivery via the oral mucous membrane is considered to be a promising alternative to the oral route. Sublingual dosage form is to be placed under the tongue and produce immediate systemic effect of enabling the drug absorbed directly through the mucosal lining of the mouth beneath the tongue which is very rich to vascular blood supply. Sublingual spray is useful when rapid onset of action is desired with better patient compliance than orally ingested tablets. In terms of permeability, the sublingual area is more permeable than the vocal area, and hence also than the palatal area. The sublingual spray is to be sprayed for faster onset of activity. The absorption of drugs through sublingual route is 3-10 times larger than that presented by oral route hence can be employed for emergency weather. As per formulation aspects, dose uniformity of sublingual film is a technical challenge. On the other hand, ease of administration is more in the case of spray as compared to film. The primary advantages of sublingual...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2017 in |
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in pathogenesis of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. In addition to a discussion of the current understanding of the chemical structures and the modes of action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor (ATR) antagonists, review includes their SAR analysis and chemical modification for improving their activity. Nowadays different modeling strategies are underway to develop tailor made molecules with the best of properties among nonpeptide renin inhibitors, dual action receptor antagonists (e.g. angiotensin and endothelin antagonists, ACE/NEP inhibitors, AT1/TxA2 antagonists, balanced AT1/AT2 antagonists), triple inhibitors. In the first part is given an overview of various ACE inhibitors. The second part is devoted to overview of angiotensin receptor antagonists. The advances that have been made, new opportunities, and future directions of design and development of these classes have been...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2017 in |
The skin has been used as a medium for systemic delivery of therapeutic agents. The resistance provided by the stratum corneum is the major barrier in delivering of the agents through skin. Due to this the number of drug molecules used under this category is limited. Iontophoresis is an efficient technique for physically enhancing conveyance of molecules across skin for local and systemic effects. The main feature offered by iontophoresis is the control offered by it in dose modulation by adjustment of current applied to undergo the process. It is suitable as an alternative for parenteral route as it is pain free and cost effective technique. The flux associated with iontophoretic treatment is described along with its applications in the article. The future aspects of iontophoretic treatment and the medications currently available are included in this article. Iontophoresis as a treatment regimen has gained popularity in relatively less treatment methodology but the concept should be well popularized as it offers enhancement to transdermal drug delivery system. This system being...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2017 in |
Contraceptive agents are drugs or devices used by women and men in the reproductive age group, to prevent unintended pregnancies. Although various contraceptive agents are available for women and men, they are associated with health risks or lack of efficacy, and thus are insufficient to cater to the needs of the diverse target population with varying contraceptive requirements according to their socio-cultural background and individual preferences. Thus, there is a need to develop newer contraceptive agents with better risk benefit profile and greater acceptability. Thorough understanding of the complex reproductive physiology would help us in identifying various targets for developing efficacious and safe contraceptive agents. Agents with contraceptive potential need to be evaluated for its efficacy and safety in various preclinical and clinical studies before it could be granted marketing authorization. This review discusses in brief about the various in vitro tests and in vivo methods (animal models) used for evaluation of the contraceptive agents. Contraceptive agents for women can be screened for their estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, progestational, anti-progestational, anti-ovulatory...
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