Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Psidium guajava is a small medicinal tree that is native to South America and Brazil is among the world’s top producers and most of the country’s production is destined for the food industry. It is popularly known as guava and has been used traditionally as a medicinal plant throughout the world for a number of diseases. It contains important phytoconstituents such as tannins, triterpenes, flavonoid: quercetin, pentacyclic triterpenoid, guajanoic acid, saponins, carotenoids, lectins, leucocyanidin, ellagic acid, amritoside, beta-sitosterol, uvaol, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. It is one of the valuable plant in the Myrtaceae family. Psidium guajava which was reported the antibacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, antihyperglycemic, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant activity etc. The present review is an attempt to generate interest among the masses regarding its immense potential in preventing and treating several common...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Herbal medicines are in great demand in the developed as well as developing countries for primary healthcare because of their wide biological and medicinal activities, higher safety margins and lesser costs. Lawsonia inermis L. is commonly known as Henna or Mhendi and abundantly available in tropical and subtropical areas. Henna belongs to lythraceae, also known as the loosestrife family. Ancient history of India describes its diverse uses and also plays appreciable role in Ayurvedic or natural herbal medicines. Henna has been used cosmetically and medicinally for over 9,000 years. Currently, there is a renewed interest in henna due the wide range of its pharmacological activities, safety and availability. The present attempt is to review and compile updated information on various aspects of Lawsonia inermis (Linn), a plant used all over the world. It gives a complete view of its pharmacological actions such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiarthritic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, antidiabetic, abortifacient, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, antifertility, antiulcer, diuretic, wound healing, protein glycation inhibitory, enzyme inhibitory, antitrypanosomal, anticoagulant, antisickling,...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Antibiotic efflux pumps appear a major component of microbial resistance to many classes of major antibiotics namely the tetracycline, the macrolides, and the fluoroquinolones. These are totally synthetic, amphiphilic compounds with no known ‘natural’ counterpart, antibiotic efflux appears sufficient per se to confer a medium or high level of resistance, defeating medically applicable treatments of the corresponding infections with these antibiotics. Antibiotic efflux may be found in association with other mechanisms, such as antibiotic inactivation, to confer high-level resistance on bacteria. In some respects, this phenomenon bears similarities with the cooperation of drug-extruding pumps and the cytochrome P450-based degradation pathways in enterocytes. An increasing knowledge about a variety of efflux pumps that are involved in MDR of pathogens, is an important challenge for current medicinal chemistry. The existence of antibiotic efflux pumps, and their impact on therapy, must now be taken fully into account for the selection of novel antimicrobials. The design of specific, potent inhibitors appears to be an important goal for the improved control of infectious diseases...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Anxiety is a common and normal phenomenon, involving multiple brain regions, including amygdala, locus ceruleus and frontal cortex. Moreover, multiple brain transmitters regulate the presence and severity of anxiety; these include classical transmitters such as gamma amino butyric acid, serotonin, and dopamine, as well as neuropeptides that include corticotrophin releasing hormone, substance P, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin and vasopressin. Anxiety is highly adaptive and involves both acute fear, related to an immediate threat and anticipatory anxiety that is associated with possible future threat. Certain individuals are predisposed to develop anxiety disorders. Predisposing variables include both genetic factors (that may dispose toward anxious temperament), emotional traumas and other psychologically mediated factors. Anxiety disorders represent a family of conditions with important distinguishing elements. Panic disorder and phobias involve reactions that are reminiscent of acute fear (albeit often worse). Specific and social phobias involve excessive fearful responses to identifiable things or circumstances in the environment. Generalized anxiety disorder is a condition that, essentially, involves anticipatory fear (i.e., worry). Worries of everyday life are...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Multi-layer tablet is a new era for winning development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide successful drug delivery. Bi-layer tablets can be crucial option to avoid chemical incompatibilities between active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by physical separation and to facilitate the development of different drug release profiles. Multi-layer tablet is appropriate for chronological release of two drugs in combination and also for sustained release of tablet in which one layer is for immediate release as loading dose and second layer is maintenance dose. So use of bi-layer tablets is a very different aspect for anti-hypertensive, diabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs where combination therapy is often used. Several pharmaceutical companies are currently developing bi-layer tablets, for a variety of reasons: patent extension, therapeutic, marketing to name a few. General tablet manufacturing principles remain the same, there is much more to consider because making multi-layer tablets involves multiple often incompatible products, additional equipment and many formulation and operation challenges. The present object provides an introduction to bi-layer tablet...
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