Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Pharmaceutical impurities are the organic and inorganic unwanted chemicals which are found in active pharmaceutical ingredient after synthesis or develop during formulation development. These impurities severely affect the safety and efficacy of developed pharmaceutical product. Impurity profiling detects and quantifies the levels of organic and inorganic impurities and thereby helps in better monitoring of quality, stability and safety of pharmaceutical products. Regulatory bodies worldwide are serious towards presence of impurities and impurity profiling has thus become an important step in filling drug dossiers. The ICH guidelines on impurity have clearly defined the levels of toxic impurities and have become benchmark in establishing impurities in pharmaceutical drug products. The present article summarizes the concept of impurity profiling and also presents a case study on impurity profiling of methamphetamine hydrochloride to illustrate its significance. Further a case study is presented on quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredient and impurities in sildenafil citrate purchased via internet and its relative...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state. It is introduced into an organism as a means to examine organ function or other aspects of health. Biomarkers play a major role in medicinal biology. They help in early diagnosis, disease prevention, drug target identification, drug response etc. Several biomarkers have been identified for many diseases such as cancer, cardiac diseases, nutritional epidemiology, etc. Biomarkers play a significant role in cancer prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. With discovery efforts on-going the next phase towards conversion will involve validation. This includes the steps needed to manage the new treatment model from treating clinical symptoms to targeting genomic pathways. Cardiac biomarkers are substances that are released into the blood when the heart is damaged or stressed. Measurements of these biomarkers are used to help diagnose acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and cardiac ischemia, conditions associated with insufficient blood flow to the heart. Diet is of key importance in affecting the risk of most chronic diseases in man. The...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Cancer is a major public health burden in both developed and developing countries. It is an abnormal growth of cells in body that can lead to death and globally the numbers of cancer patients are increasing day by day. There are several medicines available in the market to treat the various types of cancer but no drug is found to be fully effective and safe. Herbal medicines have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. With advanced knowledge of molecular science and refinement in isolation and structure elucidation techniques, various anticancer herbs has been identified, which execute their therapeutic effect by inhibiting cancer-activating enzymes and hormones, stimulating DNA repair mechanism, promoting production of protective enzymes, inducing antioxidant action and enhancing immunity of the body. Plants have been used for treating diseases since time immemorial. More than 50% of modern drugs in clinical use are of natural products. In the present review, an attempt has been made to study the plants that have been used in the...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve. Progressive damage of the optic nerve will causes irreversible reduction in visual acuity; it leads to visual field loss and blindness. The main treatment of glaucoma is the reduction of intraocular pressure. Current therapy involves frequent administration of eye drops which results in poor patient adherence and therapeutic outcomes. This review is focusing on to overcome these limitation by developing a novel nanoparticle cross-linked collagen shield for sustained delivery of suitable drug. The drug is incorporate into the shield and cross-linked by cross-linking agent with the help of Ultraviolet irradiation. Metal oxide nanoparticles is most suitable as cross-linking agent.e.g-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) capped zinc oxide (ZnO/PVP).There is some evaluation parameter for nanoparticle cross-linked collagen shield like cytotoxicity as well as shield transparency. Cross-linked collagen shields characterise for their mechanical strength, swelling capacity and bioadhesive properties, ZnO/PVP NP cross-linked shields is the most favourable characteristics compare to plain film. It release drug over a period of 14 days offering a promising sustained release treatment...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Dissolution of drug and its release from the dosage form have basic impact on bioavailability. Bioavailability depends on solubility of drug. Solubility is major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry with the developments of new pharmaceutical products. There are several approaches for solubility enhancement which includes micronization, Nanonisation, use of salt forms, use of surfactant, solid dispersion, and supercritical fluid recrystalization etc. Liquisolid technique is novel and efficient approach for solubility enhancement. According to this method the conversion of water insoluble drug into dry looking, non adherent, free flowing and acceptably compressible powder by incorporating into suitable non volatile solvents, carrier material and coating materials. This free flowing powder is than subjected to Preformulation studies like Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning Calorimetry for compatibility studies , angle of slide, flow properties, solubility studies, calculation of liquid load retention potential, liquid load factor etc. These free flowing powders are subjected to compression for tablet or filled in capsules. The mechanism for solubility enhancement includes increase in wettability and surface of...
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