Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever (also known as enteric fever, but collectively referred here as typhoid Fevers) are severe systemic illnesses characterized by sustained fever and abdominal symptoms. Treatment of typhoid fever becomes difficult by the development of multi-drug resistant of typhoid organisms especially to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. In recent years, gradual development of resistance to fluoroquinolones has resulted in more challenges. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Co-trimoxazole, Ampicillin, Chloram-phenicol, Azithromycin can be used for the treatment with the antibiotic susceptibility test. But difficulties arise with the culture negative (i.e. unidentified febrile illness). A larger study enrolling 10153 patients in Bheri Zonal Hospital and Nepalgunj Medical College in western Nepal reported that 23.45% and 31.77% cases respectively were most prevalent during June-August season. An antibiotic susceptibility was also carried out in B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan eastern Nepal, reported that none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Researchers reported that in Patan hospital no characteristics clearly distinguished typhus patients from those with blood culture-positive...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
For certain people, heart disease treatment can be achieved without surgery. Angioplasty and stend placement are the common, non-surgical procedures that can be used to open the blocked heart arteries. This technique involves five different procedures including: Percutaneous coronary angioplasty, Peripheral angioplasty, Carotid angioplasty, Renal angioplasty and Venous angioplasty. Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has been proposed as another option to surgery and is presently performed more frequently and is all around accepted, at least for high surgical risk patients. However, complications and particularly embolic strokes, even with a meticulous technique in all the procedures, can occur at any step of the procedure. To avoid and reduce these complications associated with angioplasty, it is important to have good indications dependent upon good patient and lesions selection, as well as correct technique. Patients with diabetes and 70% blocked arteries are not recommended for angioplasty. Though it is regarded as the safest, effective and of less cost it has several complications associated such as restenosis, heart attack, ventricular fibrillation, myocardial infarction,...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
The requirement of drug resistance regularly to plague Tuberculosis control, with vast increase in the spreading of MDR-TB. It can act as a gateway to XDR-TB and then emphasis on the urgency for new drug development and optimal treatment option for Tuberculosis therapy. In this study, we assess the recommending for using Rifabutin (RFB) instead of rifampicin (RIF). The objective of this study and built to shortening and efficient treatment time. This mechanism is resistance result in an efflux of various anti TB drugs from the infected bacterial cell, resultant decreasing the intracellular drug in the bacterial cell. Bacillus reverts the antibiotic treatment ineffective. Mycobacterial efflux pumps may have originally served to protect against environmental toxins, in the pathogenic mycobacteria they seems to have been repurposed for intracellular growth. On the above fact, we discuss the potential of efflux pump inhibitors such as either natural or synthetic to shorten tuberculosis treatment by their dual inhibition of resistance and growth. It has significant clinical implications, especially in MDR-TB management where...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Pharmaceutical impurities are the organic and inorganic unwanted chemicals which are found in active pharmaceutical ingredient after synthesis or develop during formulation development. These impurities severely affect the safety and efficacy of developed pharmaceutical product. Impurity profiling detects and quantifies the levels of organic and inorganic impurities and thereby helps in better monitoring of quality, stability and safety of pharmaceutical products. Regulatory bodies worldwide are serious towards presence of impurities and impurity profiling has thus become an important step in filling drug dossiers. The ICH guidelines on impurity have clearly defined the levels of toxic impurities and have become benchmark in establishing impurities in pharmaceutical drug products. The present article summarizes the concept of impurity profiling and also presents a case study on impurity profiling of methamphetamine hydrochloride to illustrate its significance. Further a case study is presented on quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredient and impurities in sildenafil citrate purchased via internet and its relative...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state. It is introduced into an organism as a means to examine organ function or other aspects of health. Biomarkers play a major role in medicinal biology. They help in early diagnosis, disease prevention, drug target identification, drug response etc. Several biomarkers have been identified for many diseases such as cancer, cardiac diseases, nutritional epidemiology, etc. Biomarkers play a significant role in cancer prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. With discovery efforts on-going the next phase towards conversion will involve validation. This includes the steps needed to manage the new treatment model from treating clinical symptoms to targeting genomic pathways. Cardiac biomarkers are substances that are released into the blood when the heart is damaged or stressed. Measurements of these biomarkers are used to help diagnose acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and cardiac ischemia, conditions associated with insufficient blood flow to the heart. Diet is of key importance in affecting the risk of most chronic diseases in man. The...
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