Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
Optogenetics (a branch of biotechnology) is a biological tool used in the field of neuroscience that encompasses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to study the functioning of individual neurons in a living tissue. Spatio-temporal precision in neuronal control can be achieved using optogenetic actuators or reporters and sensors or indicators. The present review highlights the brief history of optogenetics, opsins- the functional unit in optogenetics, and the design of optogenetic experiments to study behaviour in normal function or disease models. The review also discusses the limitations of the technique and its applications in various behavioural and neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, fear, depression, addiction, autism and Parkinsonism. Looking back at the rate of progress over the last few years, it is reasonable to predict and believe that the molecular techniques for optogenetics will continue to evolve rapidly and that the applications of these methods will continue to...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
The use of microwave irradiation in grafting of synthetic polymers onto natural polysaccharides is a popular method. It reduces all the limitations of conventional method of grafting like use of toxic solvents as well reduces reaction time for grafting methods. Microwave irradiation also increases the yield of grafting. Also the microwave grafted polymer has better properties as compared to polymer grafted by conventional method. The purpose of this review is to highlight the various recent modifications of grafting and its further applications in pharmaceutical...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
1,2,3-Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound with three nitrogen atoms. The enormous investigations on derivatives of benzotriazole reveals wide applicability of this molecules for tagging and delivering huge number of heterocyclic nuclei. This molecule has been used for the analytical determination of silver as well as a restrainer in photographic emulsions. The effectiveness of 1,2,3-Benzotriazole (BTA) as drug precursors have been drawing attention for a long period. The derivatives of benzotriazole act as agonists for many biologically active proteins. For instance, corozole and alizapride have the inhibitory properties against different proteins and Benzotriazole esters have been reported to work as mechanism-based inactivators for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3CL protease. The various derivatives synthesized by different research workers showed antimicrobial activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anthelmintics, antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activity. The present article throws light on the different derivatives of benzotriazole and their related biological activity, and is reported chronologically. The chronologic development in the synthesis of its derivatives and related changes in therapeutic activity opens new channels...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2016 in |
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are inevitable by-products of cellular respiration. These are highly reactive chemical species derived from molecular oxygen (O2). These include the superoxide (O2−) and hydroxyl (HO−) free radicals as well as non-radical molecules such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These act as both toxic and beneficial compounds, since they can be either harmful or helpful to the body. Redox regulation or controlled ROS generation is the net effect of a subtle balance between ROS generation and neutralization or utilization by cellular antioxidant systems. The most deleterious effect of ROS is “oxidative stress”. Oxidative stress plays a major part in the development of chronic and degenerative ailments such as cancer, arthritis, aging, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Several mechanism exists to counteract oxidative stress. This review provides a detailed overview of the influence of ROS on human pathophysiology and novel therapeutic strategies followed to treat ROS mediated diseases or...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2016 in |
Mimusops elengi L. is an Indian origin herb used in the Unani and other traditional systems of medicine since long time. It is commonly called by the names Spanish cherry, West Indian Medlar or Bullet wood tree. This plant is frequently cultivated throughout India especially in north India for its ornamental appearance and fragrant flowers. All parts of plant such as leaf, root, fruit, seed, bark, flower of Mimusops elengi were reported for treatment of various human ailments in traditional system of medicine. Pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory analgesic, antipyretic, antiurolithiatic, cytotoxic, diuretic, neuroprotective, anti-amnesic, cognitive enhancing, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, hypotensive, antiulcer, anthelmintic, antitumor, wound healing, larvicidal activities have been scientifically evaluated for various parts of this plant. A number of phytochemical constituents have been identified in this plant that may be responsible for its pharmacological activities. So many articles are available on Mimusops elengi L., but from Unani literature the discussion is very limited. This review is an effort to summarize the detailed...
Read More
