Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Bioanalytical method development is the process of creating a procedure to enable a compound of interest to be identified and quantified in a biological matrix. A compound can often be measured by several methods and the choice of analytical method involves many considerations. Analysis of drugs and their metabolites in a biological matrix is carried out using different extraction techniques like liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE) and protein precipitation from these extraction methods samples are spiked with calibration (reference) standards and using quality control (QC) samples. These methods and choice of analytical method describes the process of method development and includes sampling, sample preparation, separation, detection and evaluation of the results. The developed process is then validated. These bioanalytical validations play a significant role in evaluation and interpretation of bioavailability, bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic, and toxicokinetic studies. In which different parameters like accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability are...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
The use of nanoparticles as drug delivery and targeting agents has led to immense progress in the field of biomedicine and diagnostics. Likewise gold nanoparticles can be conjugated with various molecules, for instance, to plasmid DNA for gene therapy, to various drugs for antibacterial and anticancer properties, to several antibiotics and peptides for immunological and diagnostic purposes. The review encompasses various fields in which the gold nanoparticle conjugates have emerged as a promising tool for effective therapeutics and diagnosis. The article addresses a brief knowledge about the subject available to readers about various gold nanoparticle conjugates that have been researched. Although more work is needed to establish the toxicity concerns yet these particles have proved to be a promising therapy for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. With the cancer cells becoming resistant to anti-cancer drugs, the use of gold nanoparticles for the enhanced delivery and increased action of anti-cancer drugs has paved a new way to battling against...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Preformulation is a group of studies that focus on the physicochemical properties of a new drug candidate that could affect the drug performance and the development of a dosage form. This could provide important information for formulation design or support the need for molecular modification. Every drug has intrinsic chemical and physical properties which has been consider before development of pharmaceutical formulation. This property provides the framework for drugs combination with pharmaceutical ingredients in the fabrication of dosage form. Objective of preformulation study is to develop the elegant, stable, effective and safe dosage form by establishing kinetic rate profile, compatibility with the other ingredients and establish Physico-chemical parameter of new drug substances. Among these properties, drug solubility, partition coefficient, dissolution rate, polymorphic forms and stability are plays important role in preformulation study. Polymorphism having crystal and amorphous forms shows different chemical physical and therapeutic description of the drug molecule. This article explains some properties and techniques for preformulation evaluation parameters of...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. Often, this promotes healing to an injured area of the body. An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types of medication delivery such as oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, etc. is that the patch provides a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. Transdermal drug delivery offers controlled release of the drug into the patient, it enables a steady blood level profile, resulting in reduced systemic side effects and, sometimes, improved efficacy over other dosage forms. The main objective of transdermal drug delivery system is to deliver drugs into systemic circulation through skin at predetermined rate with minimal inter and intrapatient...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Osmosis is physical phenomenon that has been comprehensively studied by scientist in various disciplines of science and engineering. Osmotic devices are the most promising strategy based system for controlled delivery of drug. Conventional drug delivery has little control over their drug release and almost no control over the effective concentration at the target site. This kind of dosing pattern may result in fluctuation in plasma concentration. Drug can be delivered in a controlled over a long period of time by the process of osmosis. Osmotic pump offers much compensation over other controlled release devices i.e. they improve patient compliance with reduced dosing frequency and are easy to formulate and prolong therapeutic effect with uniform blood concentration. They are most reliable controlled drug delivery system is not influenced by different physiological factor with in the gut lumen and the release characteristics can be predicted easily from the properties of the drug and the doses form. In this paper, various type of osmotically controlled pump with basic component and factor affecting...
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