Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2024 in |
There are a variety of treatment options for melanoma, but the high resistance of tumor cells to conventional therapies makes it necessary to develop new anticancer agents that will have decline toxic effects and greater effectiveness, thereby providing an incentive for the development of new treatments that can be used alone or in combination with other drugs. The flavonoids are phenolic phytoconstituents that have been shown to be efficacious in preventing a wide series of cancers, both in-vitro assays and in animal models, including in melanoma cells. Flavonoids, like naringenin, quercetin and apigenin, among others, have gained significant attention in recent years due to the fact that they possess a wide range of properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. However, its anti-carcinogenic effect, which affects the control of cell proliferation and cell-cycle sequence, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of tumor angiogenesis, may be the most significant. Although flavonoids have exhibited promising results both in-vitro as well as in-vivo, there are some concerns regarding their application to biological environments,...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2024 in |
This review paper compares medical device regulations across the United States (US), Canada, Europe, India, and Japan. It offers an understanding of the many regulatory frameworks that control the approval processes for medical devices, the Competent Authorities, the rules and regulations, the licensing or registration processes, the classification systems for devices, and the quality management/GMP standards. The US adheres to rigorous approval procedures, encompassing quality system regulations and stringent reporting standards. Health Canada’s regulatory system entails pre-market scrutiny, post-market surveillance, and compliance measures. India’s regulatory landscape requires urgent enhancements to streamline guidelines and implementation strategies. In the European Union (EU), products must meet essential conditions to obtain CE marking for market entry. Japan employs the PMDA & MHLW for safety reviews, approvals, and post-market monitoring. This comparative study underscores the importance of harmonizing global regulatory standards and highlights areas for future improvement. This study outlines key findings and implications, serving as a valuable resource for stakeholders navigating international medical device...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2024 in |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a widespread and lethal cancer type that affects people worldwide. Growth factor signalling pathways are critical in non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease (NAFLD) and HCC as they activate a cascade of events that disrupt normal liver function. Therefore, these pathways offer a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD associated HCC. Several studies have found that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) levels are increased in patients with HCC. The FGF family comprises 22 proteins that can be classified as paracrine, intracrine, or endocrine factors. Most FGFs transmit signals through transmembrane tyrosine kinase FGF receptors. The main FGF in HCC progression includes: FGF8, FGF19 and FGF21, holds potential for HCC treatment. The FGF inhibitors: Lenvatinib, H3B-6527, BLU9931, CXF-009 and FGF401 have shown promising effects, yet our knowledge against HCC is limited. This review summarizes recent research in types of FGF, FGF signalling and FGF inhibitors as therapeutic targets in HCC....
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
Mitochondria, renowned as the cell’s “powerhouse,” plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism, influencing various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer initiation and progression. This review delves into the significance of mitochondrial enzymes, specifically Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) and Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO), in cancer biology. Alterations in these enzymes’ activity and expression levels are associated with changes in cellular energetics, oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways, contributing to tumorigenesis. Mutations in SDH subunits are linked to various cancers, particularly paraganglioma, and pheochromocytoma, while decreased CcO activity correlates with cancer development and progression. Experimental evidence, including studies on DBN-treated mice, demonstrates a significant decrease in SDH and CcO activities in cancerous tissues compared to controls, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The review also discusses challenges and future directions in utilizing these mitochondrial enzymes as cancer biomarkers, emphasizing the need for further research to enhance their clinical applicability. In conclusion, understanding the roles of SDH and CcO in cancer metabolism offers promising avenues for advancing cancer diagnostics and...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2024 in |
All three versatile heterocyclic compounds (PCB) are majorly contributing to the field of medicine due to their unique medicinal activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-ulcer, anti-HIV, and as an anti-protozoal agent (Fig. 1). Many novel PCB analogs are already being used commercially as medicines. Further, the structure-activity relationship and the recent medicinal significance of all three (pyrimidine, coumarin, and benzimidazole) derivatives were discussed. Finally, this comprehensive update may attract synthetic chemists and biologists for further design and development of a novel...
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