Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
One of the major advances in vesicle research was the finding that some modified vesicles possessed properties that allowed them to successfully deliver drugs in deeper layers of skin. Transdermal delivery is important because it is a noninvasive procedure for drug delivery. Further, problem of drug degradation by digestive enzymes after oral administration and discomfort associated with parenteral drug administration can be avoided. An alternative approach to overcome the low oral bioavailability is to administer the drug by non oral routes such as buccal, nasal, vaginal, transdermal and parenteral. Among the above routes the transdermal delivery of ethosome is advantageous. Because it has good penetrability, ease of administration, rapid termination of the therapy and administrating to unconscious patients. Ethosome mainly contain phospholipids with higher concentration of ethanol. It can be used for systemic delivery of drug. It is beneficial to overcome the problem of frequent dosing due to shorter half-life of drugs. Prolonged release of the drug and increased bioavailability leads to significant reduction in the dose and hence...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Seasonal fluctuations are periodical series, and have impact on availability of active principles in medicinal plants hence, therapeutic efficacy also get influenced. The survey of several scientific studies published in scientific journals of international repute indicates this fact. The studies reported that essential oil component shows a rhythmic increase in oil production throughout the growing season and then a steady decline towards the winter hence, recommended late summer as the best collection time. In contrast other researchers concluded the winter as a best season for harvesting of essential oils containing plant parts. It is not only essential oil that influenced by the season but other important constituents like polyphenol, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids etc are also influenced significantly by seasons. There is no general rule for the harvesting time for better yield of specific secondary metabolites. Although several studies have been published indicating the effect of seasons on secondary metabolites but there is no compiled information representing the optimized season for the collection of pharmaceutically important constituents from different plant...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Pulsatile drug delivery systems are developed to deliver drug according to circadian behavior of diseases. The product follow a sigmoidal drug release profile characterized by a time period of no release (lag time) followed by a rapid and complete drug release. Thus drug can be delivered at right time, in right amount and at right site of action by use of such approach. The potential benefits of chronotherapeutics have been investigated and established for number of diseases like asthma, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, hypertension, ulcer, hypercholesterolemia etc. Various capsular, osmotic, single and multiple unit systems that are modulated by soluble or erodible polymer coatings, rupturable membranes are available in market. These systems are beneficial for diseases showing chronopharmacological behavior where night time dosing is required or for the drugs having high first pass effect or having site specific absorption in GIT, or for drugs with high risk of toxicity or tolerance. These systems also improve patient compliance by decreasing dosing...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
Drugs currently used to treat cough are among the most widely used over-the-counter drugs in the world, despite a recent analysis suggesting that there is a little evidence to such drugs produce any meaningful efficacy. The primary action of currently available cough suppressants (opiates, dextromethorphan etc.) is on the central cough pathway. The significant side effects of these agents such as constipation, respiratory depression, dependence, drowsiness and death from this action limit their use in human and thus highly unsatisfactory. There is a current huge unmet need for the development of safe, effective antitussive therapeutic options in the treatment of persistent cough as alternative to existing medications. Medicinal plants are an important source for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds, which have served and continue to serve as lead molecules for the development of new drugs. Thus this review may provide an insight into herbs possessing antitussive and expectorant activity individually or in combination. These findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacopoeial standards for crude drugs as well as...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2015 in |
E7010 (N-[2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino] – 3 pyridinyl] – 4 -methoxybenzenesulfonamide), an orally active sulfonamide antitumor agent that is currently in a Phase I clinical trial, showed rather consistent growth-inhibitory activities against a panel of 26 human tumor cell lines (IC50 = 0.06–0.8 µg/ml), in contrast to vincristine (VCR; IC50 = 0.0002–0.04 µg/ml), 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 0.2–30 µg/ml), Adriamycin (IC50 = 0.002–0.7 µg/ml), 1-β-D-arabinofuranoxylcytosine (IC50 = 0.005 to >30 µg/ml), camptothecin (IC50 = 0.002–0.4 µg/ml), and cisplatin (IC50 = 0.5–20 µg/ml). It caused a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of mitotic cells in parallel with a decrease in cell proliferation, like VCR. It also showed a dose-dependent inhibition of tubulin polymerization, which correlated well with the cell growth-inhibitory activity. 14C-labeled E7010 bound to purified tubulin, and this binding was inhibited by colchicine but not by VCR. However, its binding properties were different from those of colchicine, as well as those of VCR. E7010 was active against two kinds of VCR-resistant P388 cell lines, one of which showed multidrug resistance due to the over expression of P-glycoprotein (resistant to Taxol), and...
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