Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Today, humans and wildlife are constantly exposed to thousands of chemical residues, through air, food and water. Organochlorines are widespread pollutants and comprise a variety of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. Chlorinated insecticides, solvents, and fumigants are widely used around the world. Exposure to organochlorine chemicals has been associated with many deleterious effects on human health. Concerns have been raised about their implication in reproductive toxicity and endocrine disruption, because organochlorine chemicals persist in the environment. Organochlorines interfere with normal hormonal function in animals and humans. Reproductive abnormalities, including feminization of males, abnormal sexual behavior, birth defects, altered sex ratios, decreased sperm production, reduced testicular size, infertility, and thyroid dysfunction, have been reported in laboratory animals and wildlife exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This review deals with adverse effects of different organochlorine chemicals on male reproductive system, thus indicates limited use of organochlorines to improve the quality of life for human...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Objective: Maternal Mortality: Ten year review study in The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goa Medical College. Method: A retrospective study was conducted in the Dept. of OBG GMC over a period of10 years spanning between Jan 4 to Dec 13 regarding Maternal Mortality. Results: There were total of 58 deaths out of 54604 live births during this 10 year period giving maternal mortality ratio(MMR) of 106.15/ 100000 live births which is 50% less as compared to MMR in India(212 maternal deaths/100,000 live births). In last 2 years i.e. in 2012 and 2013 it has come down 86.35-94.46 maternal deaths/100,000 live births, thus already reaching MDG 5 of WHO Referral cases accounted 87.85%. The majority of cases were in 21-30 year age group (93.2%) and mostly they were primigravida (55.1%). Hemorrhage (29cases) was the commonest cause of death followed by pregnancy induced hypertension (26cases). Conclusion: Hemorrhage (PPH, accidental hemorrhage, ruptured uterus), pregnancy induced hypertension including eclampsia, HELP Syndrome, Sepsis and DIC were found to be the direct major causes...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
In the battle against cancer, platinum drugs have contributed a lot so far but still the prerequisite is to mend their flaws e.g., resistance and reduced sensitivity. In addition to side effects, intrinsic and acquired resistance decreases the effects of cisplatin on cancer cells by lowering the formation of DNA adducts and subsequent DNA damage. Resistance against cisplatin includes; the increased DNA repair of cisplatin induced DNA adducts by MMR, NER pathways, increased tolerance, and interaction with cellular proteins instead of DNA resulting in cellular detoxification of cisplatin, and, decreased accumulation of drug due to abnormal role of efflux and influx pumps. With therapy of cisplatin survival pathways (Akt, MKPI) are also triggered, occasioning in the activation of NF-kb, XIAP that subsidizes to cisplatin resistance. Development of new platinum compounds that can combat with the intrinsic and acquired drug resistance would be the promising strategy in the cancer therapeutic field. Combination or adjuvant therapies of cisplatin with gemcitabine, etoposide, topotecan etc. have been shown to reduce the cellular resistance...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
The Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV) are non-enveloped, small DNA virus, which are responsible for worldwide problem. HPVS can be associated with different varieties of epidermal manifestations. It belongs to the Papovavirus family. On the basis of oncogenic potential these have been classified as high risk and low risk types of virus. Currently histopathological techniques are widely being used as the diagnostic method for the identification of HPV viral DNA. This article reviews the classification of HPVs and different methods used for the vaccination and diagnosis. The types includes common warts, flat warts, plantar warts, anogenital warts, anal dysplasia and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Vaccines are available for prevention of HPV infection, and recommended vaccination schedules have been...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2015 in |
Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist has been the leading oral anticoagulant since early 1940s despite limitations like slow onset and offset of action, variations in metabolism, multiple food and drug interactions, narrow therapeutic index and need for routine laboratory monitoring. Rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor is a recently introduced orally effective novel anticoagulant offering improvement over current standard of care such as good bioavailability, low propensity for food and drug interactions, rapid onset of action, ease of administration, wide therapeutic index, predictable anticoagulant response and fixed oral dosage, limited side effects and no inter subject variability. Over and above, the drug doesn’t require coagulation monitoring. Thus rivaroxaban has the potential to be an attractive alternative to current anticoagulants, providing effective and well tolerated anticoagulation in a convenient manner in patients with stroke and systemic embolism with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) etc. Moreover, specific antidotes (Aripazine-PER 977; Ciraparantag) and Andexanet (PR TO64445) antagonising the pharmacodynamic effect of rivaroxaban...
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