Posted by admin on Jul 2, 2014 in |
Meningitis is a condition whereby the protective membranes covering the central nervous system (or meninges) become inflamed. Infections of the central nervous system are still considered to be among the most debilitating diseases in the 21st century. The mortality from this infection ranges from 15% in industrialized to 40% in developing countries. Streptococcus Pneumoniae infections, including pneumococcal meningitis, are therefore likely to remain an important health issue. Pneumococcal meningitis in human beings is associated with long-term sequelae including sensory-motor deficits, seizures, and impairments of learning and memory. Neurological sequelae occur in up to half of the survivors of pneumococcal meningitis. Meningitis is manifested as severe headache, occurring in almost 90% of cases of bacterial meningitis, followed by nuchal rigidity. Meningitis is a potentially serious condition due to the proximity of the inflammation to the brain and spinal cord. The potential for serious neurological damage or even death causes meningitis to need immediate medical attention and...
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Posted by admin on Jul 2, 2014 in |
Saliva plays the most important role in the maintenance and preservation of the health of our oral cavity. In diabetes mellitus functions of salivary glands are impaired and as a consequence xerostomia develops. Hoposalivation leads to various oral mucosa alterations, ulcerations, taste alterations, burning mouth, dental decay, halitosis and various infections. All these alterations can compromise patient’s quality of life. Saliva can also be used as a diagnostic tool as well as marker for monitoring diabetes...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
Male infertility is a reproductive health disorder, emerging globally as serious medicaland social problem that results in much trauma, emotional instability and psychological stress of the affected couples. In 50% of the diagnosed cases of infertility males are reported to be the predominant causative factor. Male infertility can assess by the quality and quantity of sperm cells as well as structure. The present review provides an overview on a wide range of factors that are accountable for male infertility. Hormonal imbalances, genetical defects, reproductive anatomical & morphological abnormalities, chemicals & toxins exposure, reactive oxygen species and smoking are the main causative factors. Besides these, pollution, changed lifestyle, lack of proper diet & nutrition, addictions, diseases, medications, illness and psychological problems may also contribute to infertility problems which can temporarily or permanently affect male reproductive system. Some of these factors are lifestyle borne and can possibly be corrected and some are medical which need to be given special attention while some fail to be diagnosed. The knowledge of male infertility...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
Nanomedicine offers the prospect of powerful new tools for the treatment of human diseases and the improvement of human biological systems. Nanomedicine is the process of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body. Nanomedicine’s nanorobots are so tiny that they can easily traverse the human body. Scientists report the exterior of a nanorobot will likely be constructed of carbon atoms in a diamondoid structure because of its inert properties and strength. Super-smooth surfaces will lessen the likelihood of triggering the body’s immune system, allowing the nanorobots to go about their business unimpeded. Nanorobots can offer a number of advantages in drug delivery over present methods. These include more bioavailability, targeted therapy, fewer surgeon mistakes; reach remote areas in human anatomy, large interfacial area for mass transfer, non-invasive technique, this review focuses on the properties, method of preparations, mechanism of action, elements and applications of nanorobots. In addition, current...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
One of the most fascinating branches of pharmaceutical field is the chemistry of heterocyclic molecules. Heterocyclic compounds are widely distributed in nature and have biological and industrial significance. Already most of the drugs available in the market are heterocyclic in nature. Cyanopyridine, a structural motif is a cause of concern for biologist and chemist in last twenty years. Specifically 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine scaffolds demand importance due to their diverse biological activity like antiviral, antibacterial, and fungicidal activities, novel IKK-β inhibitors, A2A adenosine receptor antagonists, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase. Due to high reactivity of this scaffold, it has been found as reactive chemical intermediates in organic synthesis like, commercial production of nicotinamide, and pharmaceuticals such as Ridogrel and Pirenzepine. In this short review we have focused on the recent development in synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives and all possible pharmacology reported for this compound. This review may helpful for medicinal chemist in research regarding 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine in...
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