Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
In cancers, many signals were involved in self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation. Especially, Wnt signaling pathway plays crucial impact in stem cells and cancer development. Wnt genes were involved in the stimulation of Wt signaling pathway in stem cells development. Despite, mutation and overexpression of Wnt genes induced regulation of carcinogenesis. Out of 19 Wnt genes, each Wnt gene has a crucial role in the growth of stem cells and cancer stem cells. In cancer stem cells, aberrant expression of Wnt genes implicated a variety of cancer. Clinical studies, Inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway one of the expensive strategies of cancer therapy. Drugs were developed against cancer development based on inhibition of abnormality of Wnt...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Pharmaceutical semisolid preparations include ointments, pastes, cream, emulsions, gels, and rigid foams. They serve as carriers for drugs that are topically delivered by way of the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, nasal mucosa, vagina, buccal tissue, urethral membrane, and external ear lining. Semisolids can adhere to the application surface for sufficiently long periods before they are washed off. This property helps prolong drug delivery at the application site. Novel semisolids are non-greasy since they are made up of washable water bases. Hence they cause less irritation to skin and are superior to the conventional semisolid dosage form. Now a day, novel creams are available in the market provided with nanoparticles and microspheres. Similarly, novel gels are available, including microemulsion gel, bioadhesive gel, organogel, thermosensitive sol-gel, pH-responsive complexation gel, etc. Oleaginous ointments are preferred for dry, chapped skin in an environment of low humidity because of its occlusive properties. A semisolid is evaluated by the following parameters such as spreadability, extrudability, viscosity measurement of pH, drug content, rheological properties, etc. This...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Bryophytes, a small group of lower plant phylogenetically placed between algae and the vascular plants comprise of hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. They are the second largest group of land plants and extremely rich in a variety of biologically active compounds viz. terpenoids, phenols, glycosides, and fatty acids. This small slow-growing group of plants is stockroom of naturally occurring materials and have been investigated for the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-venomous, and anti-leukemic activity. In recent years, bryophytes have emerged as a potential biopharming tool for the production of complex biopharmaceuticals. Even though bryophytes could be used in medicine, the use of bryophytes for applied research with implications for human health is still not fully explored. Investigations are hindered commonly because of minute size and difficulties in identifying diverse species of bryophytes. In the present review, we focused on therapeutic uses of bryophytes in detail that will widely open the door for the use of different bryophytes in plant biotechnology and to meet the demand of novel drug...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) nucleus and it’s natural, as well as synthetic derivatives, has been a field of interest due to its unique tendency to adopt varying categories of substitutions which provides the basis for modifying this nucleus for multidisciplinary actions. The extensive literature review reflects that coumarin derivatives have been synthesized by several structural modifications and exhibit numerous activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-HIV, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hepatitis, hepatoprotective, anti-pyretic, analgesics, anti-thrombotic, vasodilatory, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, anti-adipogenic and anti-hyperglycemic. They also inhibit lipooxygenase, cyclooxygenase, MAO-A, MAO-B, and TNF-alpha enzymes. The purpose of this study is to review the anti-inflammatory potentials of coumarins and to generate a comparative SAR that may support to improve their anti-inflammatory activity by newer and potent diverse structural modifications of the coumarin nucleus. The review shows that wide varieties of coumarin derivatives have been synthesized and have shown anti-inflammatory potentials. These derivatives can be further modified with the help of SAR generated in the present work to improve the anti-inflammatory potentials of the...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2014 in |
A drug should be available in accessible in disintegrated state before producing its therapeutic effect however; in current market more than 40%, drugs are poorly soluble in water. In view of their low aqueous solubility, those new chemical entities fail to reach market in spite of revealing potential pharmacodynamics activities. Poorly aqueous soluble drugs are connected with moderate drug absorption leading inevitably to insufficient and variable bioavailability. Consequently, different methodologies have been grasped for solubility and dissolution enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs thus bioavailability. Solubility assumes a paramount part in attaining the desired plasma drug concentration. In this review article, different techniques like solid dispersion using hot stage extrusion, freeze-drying, spray drying, and hot melt extrusion also nano suspensions, dried emulsions were discussed for solubility and dissolution rate improvement of BCS class II antifungal drug Itraconazole. Amongst various method described in this review, solid dispersion was found to be most preferred technique by researcher as it provide ease in preparation and efficiency in terms of resolving the solubility and dissolution...
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