Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Arthritis is a major cause of disability conventionally treated for long term with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. NSAIDs are nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and cause GI toxicity, antiplatelet effects, cardiotoxicity, renal toxicity and anaphylactic reactions in selected patients. Corticosteroids have multiple side effects, including gastrointestinal bleeding, upset stomach, thinning of bones, high blood pressure, cataracts, and increased infections. The currently available dosage forms of NSAIDs and steroids possess inherent risk of adverse effects in many different tissues in patients. The most satisfactory delivery system that overcomes the difficulties cited above shall be capable of delivering appropriate concentration of drug at site of action without involvement of other tissue and organs. This review focuses on current trends of development of drug delivery system in particular carriers, with enhanced localization to the target site and sustained drug release. The most prominent advantage of nanoscaled drug carriers such as liposomes, transferosomes, and niosomes over conventional drug delivery systems is the option to improve selective delivery of drugs to the site of...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals; free radicals damage may lead to cancer and other diseases. Some of the example of antioxidants are like β-carotene, lycopene, Vit. C, E & A and other substances which are found in variety of fruits, vegetables, algae (spirulina) & other medicinal plants. Spirulina (Blue green algae) is a microscopic single cell alga which grows in fresh water and has a simple structure but a complex composition. It is a concentrated source of food containing nutraceutical, antioxidants, probiotics and phytonutrients. It has been subjected to through screening for its biological role; some of the finding is promising. It has immunostimulant activities. It stimulates the production and activity of bone marrow stem cells, macrophages, T-cells, spleen & thymus gland shows enhanced function. In-vitro studies on spirulina indicate that it enhances the cell nuclease activity and DNA repair & hence, it has possible role in cancer treatment. Spirulina has the potential to be accepted...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Drug delivery to liver is one of the most challenging research areas in pharmaceutical sciences. The some physiological barrier such as opsonization, mechanical entrapment by pulmonary vascular bed, uptake by RES represents an insurmountable obstacle for a large number of proteins and drugs, including antibiotics, antineoplastic agents and antiviral agents to target liver disorders. Therefore, various strategies have been proposed to improve the delivery of different drugs to liver and hepatocytes which includes passive accumulation of nanoparticle therapeutics and active targeting by surface modifications of nanoparticles with specific ligands such as carbohydrates, peptides, proteins and antibodies. The present review enlightens about different pathologies of liver and targeting strategies employed in relation to liver anatomy and disease...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a medical procedure which has revolutionized for the first time a painless inspection of the small intestine. It is a simple, safe, non-invasive, reliable technique, well accepted and tolerated by the patients, which allows complete exploration of the small intestine. WCE has vitamin size pill which captures images of the digestive tract and entire small bowel, transported passively by peristalsis. WCE is a novel breakthrough in the biomedical industry and future progresses in key technologies, expected to drive the development of the next generation of such devices. WCE became an essential component in the management of several clinical conditions. WCE offers diagnostic tool for diseases like small bowel, gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn’s disease, localization of small bowel tumor, colon cancer screening, assessment of esophageal disorders and diagnosis of coeliac disease. However, compared with wired endoscopies, the limited working time, the low frame rate and the low image resolution limit the wider application. The progress of this new technology is reviewed in this paper and the...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Poor patient compliance is a frequent problem in daily clinical practice. The unfavorable pharmacokinetic of the drug, the inconveniences of the standard form of such drug application and the side effects due to the administration route often are the reasons for this. The high and self-optimizing deformability of typical composite transferosomes membrane, which are adaptable to ambient tress allow the ultra-deformable transferosomes to change its membrane composition locally and reversibly, when it is pressed against or attracted into narrow pore. Transferosomes possess an infrastructure consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. Transferosomes can deform and pass through narrow constriction (from 5 to 10 times less than their own diameter) without measurable loss. This high deformability gives better penetration of intact vesicles. They can act as a carrier for low as well as high molecular weight drugs e.g. analgesic, anesthetic, corticosteroids, sex hormone, anticancer, insulin, gap junction protein, and...
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