Posted by admin on Apr 4, 2014 in |
Oxadiazole is a heterocyclic compound containing an oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms in a five membered ring. It is derived from furan by substitution of two methylene groups (=CH) with two pyridine type nitrogens (-N=). It is also termed as a lead compound for designing the potent bioactive agents. It has been reported as a surrogate of carboxylic acid and an important synthons in organic chemistry. It exists in four isomeric forms 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole and 1,2,5-oxadiazole. Out of all four isomers of oxadiazole, 1,3,4-Oxadiazole is found to possess variety of chemical and biological applications. 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus have been reported a very important nucleus in organic and medicinal chemistry and more widely studied by researchers because of its versatile chemical and biological properties. It has been found to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, cytotoxicity, anticonvulsant, antitumor, tyrosinase enzyme activity, DENV2 inhibitory activity, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors, analgesic, HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, XDR and MDR tuberculosis, immunosuppressive activity. This review article describes the various biological activities associated with 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been reported to be an alternative system to emulsions, liposomes, microparticles and their polymeric counterparts for various application routes since the early 1990s due to their advantages. Solid lipid nanoparticles colloidal drug carrier system gained a lot of popularity among researcher as colloidal drug carriers for incorporating hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. Solid lipid nanoparticles are the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential applications in drug delivery, clinical medicine and research, as well as in other varied sciences. Due to their unique size-dependent properties, lipid nanoparticles offer the possibility to develop new therapeutics. The present review focuses on the utility of SLN in terms of their introduction, advantages, disadvantages, general ingredients used, production methodology, characterization and current...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Spondias pinnata is a well-known plant indigenous to South East Asian countries. The plant has been used intensively in many traditional herbal medicines across the globe. This plant has been known to possess antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, ulcer-protective, anti-cancerous, anti-diarrhoeal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic and hepatoprotective activity. It has also been reported that different parts of the plant is used as anti-thirst, anti-emetic and as an anti-tubercular agent. It owes its different pharmacological activities to the wide range of phytoconstituents that are present in the plant. The plant is found to contain sterols, flavonoids, polysaccharides and gums. β-amyrin, oleanolic acid and amino acids—glycine, cystine, serine, alanine and leucine, daucosterol, cycloartanone 24-methylene and lignoceric acid, ellagitannins, galloylgeranin, lignoseric acid and β –carotein are the other constituents that are found to be present in the plant. An attempt has been made to compile these phytoconstituents studies and the different ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties of Spondias pinnata and provide a full-fledged review in a single document. This review emphasizes the need for more extensive research and...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
An immunomodulator can be defined as a substance, which can influence any constituent or function of the immune system in a specific or nonspecific manner including both innate or adaptive arms of the immune response. The Ayurvedic system of medicine details the concept of immunomodulation by the term Rasayana. The use of herbs for improving the overall resistance of body against common infections and pathogens has been a guiding principle of Ayurveda. Such herbs possessing immunomodulatory effects are referred to as Rasayana in Ayurvedic classics. Prakara Yoga is a chapter in one of the prime traditional Ayurvedic pediatric text book – Arogyakalpadruma. The whole content of Prakara Yoga chapter deals with different immunomodulatory recipes and procedures to be adopted right from the day after delivery. This paper is a review on the various concepts of immunomodulation detailed in the very same book along with the pharmacological studies conducted so far in this...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Essential oils are a diverse group of natural products. Oils are the important source of aromatic and flavoring chemicals in food, industrial, and pharmaceutical products. Essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds derived from the different parts of the plants. Various extraction methods are used in the manufacture and extraction of essential oils from the plant materials. Essential oils are produced using several techniques like water distillation, steam distillation, hydro diffusion, maceration, solvent-free microwave extraction, solar distillation and CO2 supercritical fluid extraction, etc. These extraction and expression methods are used to remove the oils from the dried/fresh plants (or) machines to squeeze the oil out of the plants. Out of all the extraction methods, supercritical carbon dioxide method is more efficient. The present paper is an attempt to list out the various methods of extraction of essential oil from the different parts of the plants and their merits and...
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