Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
The oral route is the most easy and favorable route of drug administration. The development of oral formulations containing bitter herbs has widely been required in pharmaceutical and herbal industry. The human gustatory system is capable of identifying five major taste qualities: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami (savory). Different receptors and transduction mechanisms are involved in the detection of each taste quality. Many efforts have been focused to improve the palatability in these products that has prompted in the development of numerous techniques of taste masking. Once a method for taste masking is adopted, it becomes apparent to evaluate the effectiveness of the taste masked product. The major hurdle in evaluation of measuring the effectiveness of taste masking is that the taste is a highly subjective property and it varies demographically and with the age and gender. This communication gives a brief account of gustatory system, the receptor and transduction mechanism of bitter taste and various techniques used in taste masking of the bitters. The review also reveals...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
This article addresses the basic concepts of herbal technology which is used worldwide. 21st century is the century of Biology mechanical and propelled by scientific knowledge and hi-tech expertise. Herbal technology, are going to be the most influential elements that are fundamental for success and welfare for the people of nations.Information on the herbal technologywas collected via electronic search (using pub med, scifinder, Google Scholar and web of science) and library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, information also was obtained from some local books on ethnopharmacology. Nutraceutical are food or part of the food that grant medical or health benefits together with the prevention or cure of the disease. Cosmaceuticals are the largest accumulation to the health trade and are described as cosmetic products with drug; they are the fastest increased segment in the skin care market. Biopesticides are cost effective, safer, readily available, and ecological and therefore more environment- friendly and will offer substitute to conventional pesticides. Herbal drugs represent a major contribute to all...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
The delivery of therapeutic agents transdermally has received considerable interest because of the safety and convenience of drug administration via this route. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment the transdermal delivery of bioactives. A transfersome is an artificial vesicle designed to be like a cell vesicle, and used to deliver drugs or genetic material into a cell. Transfersomes possess an infrastructure consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. They can act as a carrier for low as well as high molecular weight drugs e.g. analgesic, anesthetic, corticosteroids, sex hormone, anticancer, insulin, gap junction protein, and albumin....
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Arterial thrombus formation are due to mainly platelet activation and aggregation which are considered to be central to pathological changes occurring in the vessel leading to the various complications and mortality . Antiplatelet drugs are used to prevent and help in the reversal of platelet aggregation in arterial thrombosis which was the major culprit in the pathology of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. The most widely used antiplatelet agent namely Aspirin inhibits platelet cyclo-oxygenase which helps in conversion of arachidonic acid to platelet agonist thromboxane A2 but does not prevent platelet activation occurring via various signalling pathways that are independent of thromboxane A2 release. So apart from aspirin, a number of other compounds have been developed to overcome the deficiency by aspirin. Another major concern regarding the antiplatelet theraphy was the resistance by these drugs in preventing the troublesome complications. Bleeding is the most dreadful complication of most of the antiplatelet drugs. In general, in clinical practice, antiplatelet theraphy is instituted in patients whose thrombotic risk clearly overweighs their...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Fungal infections in critically ill or immunosuppressed patients were increasing in incidence in the human population over the last 1-2 decades. There were few advances in antifungal therapy and, until recently, there were few choices from which to select a treatment for systemic mycoses. However, in the past decade, there have been several developments in this area. Antifungal agents are sufficiently diverse in activity, toxicity, and drug interaction potential. Azoles are synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds. They have a broad spectrum of activity. Triazole antifungals are active to treat an array of fungal pathogens, whereas imidazoles are used almost exclusively in the treatment of superficial mycoses and vaginal candidiasis. Despite the advances, serious fungal infections remain difficult to treat, and resistance to the available drugs is emerging. Use of the currently available azoles in combination with other antifungal agents with different mechanisms of action is likely to provide enhanced efficacy.The present review aims to explore the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, safety, toxicity and potential for drug–drug interactions of the...
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