Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
The development of fast-dissolving oral thin films has recently followed the progression of dosage forms from straightforward ordinary tablets and capsules to modified release tablets and capsules, oral disintegrating tablets, and wafers. A hydrophilic polymer used in fast- dissolving oral thin films quickly hydrates or adheres when applied on the tongue or in buccal cavity. These films melt or disintegrate in a matter of seconds, releasing the active ingredient without need for drinking or chewing. A drug-containing thin film with surface area of 5 to 20 cm2 is called an oral dissolving film. The maximum single dose of the drugs that can be loaded is 30 mg. As opposed to tablets, several pharmaceutical companies are now producing oral thin films that dissolve quickly. Films combine the benefits of liquid dosage forms with those of tablets, such as exact dose and simple administration (easy swallowing, rapid bioavailability). At the same time, it gives a general overview of crucial formulation design factors that have an impact on thin films, such as...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Within the Magnoliopsida class, Pyrus pashia is widely found throughout the Himalayan areas. P. pashia is a member of the Rosaceae family of medicinal plants. It’s commonly called a wild pear. The plant has a range of nutritional and medicinal uses. In ethnomedicine, it is widely utilized as a hepatoprotective, inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, disinfectant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidepressant to treat a wide range of illnesses. The genus P. pashia comprises approximately 38 species globally and contains approximately 160 phytochemical compounds, including primary and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. Additionally, it contains useful polyphenolic therapeutic constituents like arbutin, flavan-3-ols, and chlorogenic acids. The phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, ethnomedicinal applications, and toxicological profile of P. pashia are all thoroughly updated in this review. This plant’s scientific understanding as well as its potential for use in pharmaceutical research in the future, are critically...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) plays a vital role in cell signaling pathways essential for various physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of PI3K signaling is implicated in the development and progression of several cancers. Activation of PI3K leads to the phosphorylation of critical proteins such as protein kinase B (PKB), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), facilitated by the presence of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3). PI3K is involved in regulating immune responses, including thymocyte growth, neutrophil migration, and T cell activation. Numerous malignancies, including melanoma, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, have been linked to PI3K activity. For instance, PI3K activation is known to enhance breast cancer cell migration and invasion by stimulating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Structurally, PI3Kγ consists of a catalytic subunit (P110γ) and regulatory subunits that modulate its activity. The P110γ domain architecture includes a C2 domain, helical domain, Ras-binding domain, and catalytic domain, which are critical for its function. The ATP binding pocket of P110γ...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Recent years have witnessed remarkable advancements in biomedical sciences, particularly in the realm of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) technology. This manuscript offers a detailed overview of the burgeoning field of mRNA and its profound implications in science and medicine. Beginning with an introduction that elucidates the fundamental concepts and historical evolution of mRNA technology, the discussion progresses to an in-depth exploration of its structure, function, and pivotal role in modern medicine. The differences between mRNA and DNA are clarified to underscore the unique attributes of mRNA. A significant focus is given to mRNA vaccines, hailed as breakthroughs in preventive medicine. The exploration extends to mRNA therapeutics, highlighting their potential in targeted drug delivery and their ability to overcome traditional pharmaceutical challenges. Issues surrounding the efficacy and safety of mRNA applications are addressed, emphasizing importance of safety and ethical considerations. Present difficulties and potential paths in mRNA technology are discussed, underscoring ongoing research and innovative prospects. This review elucidates the transformative potential of mRNA technology, offering insights into its current...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
The phenomenon known as mucoadhesion is characterized by interfacial molecular attractive forces between a natural or synthetic polymer and the surface of a biological membrane. This allows the polymer to stick to the membrane’s surface for a prolonged period of time. The idea of mucoadhesion has garnered significant attention in many pharmaceutics sectors during the past forty years. The mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system has numerous benefits that make it a unique drug delivery method for both local and systemic administration of different medications. The primary benefit of using this route for medication administration is that it avoids the initial metabolic stage of many methods circumvents the first pass metabolism of a number of medications that are susceptible to their first pass metabolism in the liver. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system contacts with mucus layer and generally increases the retention time of the dosage form at the specific site of absorption. The structural characteristics of the mucosa, the mechanism of mucoadhesion, various theories of mucoadhesion, are briefly discussed in this...
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