Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
The delivery of therapeutic agents transdermally has received considerable interest because of the safety and convenience of drug administration via this route. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment the transdermal delivery of bioactives. A transfersome is an artificial vesicle designed to be like a cell vesicle, and used to deliver drugs or genetic material into a cell. Transfersomes possess an infrastructure consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. They can act as a carrier for low as well as high molecular weight drugs e.g. analgesic, anesthetic, corticosteroids, sex hormone, anticancer, insulin, gap junction protein, and albumin....
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Arterial thrombus formation are due to mainly platelet activation and aggregation which are considered to be central to pathological changes occurring in the vessel leading to the various complications and mortality . Antiplatelet drugs are used to prevent and help in the reversal of platelet aggregation in arterial thrombosis which was the major culprit in the pathology of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. The most widely used antiplatelet agent namely Aspirin inhibits platelet cyclo-oxygenase which helps in conversion of arachidonic acid to platelet agonist thromboxane A2 but does not prevent platelet activation occurring via various signalling pathways that are independent of thromboxane A2 release. So apart from aspirin, a number of other compounds have been developed to overcome the deficiency by aspirin. Another major concern regarding the antiplatelet theraphy was the resistance by these drugs in preventing the troublesome complications. Bleeding is the most dreadful complication of most of the antiplatelet drugs. In general, in clinical practice, antiplatelet theraphy is instituted in patients whose thrombotic risk clearly overweighs their...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Fungal infections in critically ill or immunosuppressed patients were increasing in incidence in the human population over the last 1-2 decades. There were few advances in antifungal therapy and, until recently, there were few choices from which to select a treatment for systemic mycoses. However, in the past decade, there have been several developments in this area. Antifungal agents are sufficiently diverse in activity, toxicity, and drug interaction potential. Azoles are synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds. They have a broad spectrum of activity. Triazole antifungals are active to treat an array of fungal pathogens, whereas imidazoles are used almost exclusively in the treatment of superficial mycoses and vaginal candidiasis. Despite the advances, serious fungal infections remain difficult to treat, and resistance to the available drugs is emerging. Use of the currently available azoles in combination with other antifungal agents with different mechanisms of action is likely to provide enhanced efficacy.The present review aims to explore the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, safety, toxicity and potential for drug–drug interactions of the...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have appeared as an attractive candidate for delivery of various drug molecules or considered as extraordinary molecular carriers for the targeting, intracellular trafficking and delivery of a huge array of biomolecules including DNA, RNA, proteins, peptides, drugs, genes and other molecules of therapeutic significance. Particularly gold nanoparticles have attracted intensive interest, because they are easily prepared, have low toxicity and can be readily attached to molecules of biological interest. More and more research shows that AuNPs-based technologies are becoming promising approaches in drug and gene delivery, liver targeting, brain targeting, cancer research and AIDS treatment. The present review focuses on synthesis and functionalization methods of GNPs, the past researchs and reviews about GNPs, their emerging applications and uses and their future...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2013 in |
Plants have always provided an important source of medicines. They may be used by natives in folk medicine and later adopted by conventional western medicine as their efficacy was confirmed. Any pharmacological modification caused by herbal substances to another prescription medication (diagnostic, therapeutic or other action of a drug) in or on the body. An herb might increases or decreases the effects of co-administered drugs. Consequences can be beneficial, undesirable or harmful effects. Interactions between herbs and drugs may increase or decrease the pharmacological or toxicological effects of either component. Synergistic therapeutic effects may complicate the dosing of long-term medications eg: Herbs traditionally used to decrease glucose concentrations in diabetes-I could theoretically precipitate hypoglycemia if taken in combination with conventional drugs. Herbal medicines are ubiquitous: the dearth of reports of adverse events and interactions probably reflects a combination of underreporting and the benign nature of most herbs used. This article provides brief idea about pharmacist can change the present scenario and utilize their knowledge in providing health information about...
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