Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
The effectiveness of topical therapies is limited by minimal drug permeability through the nail plate. Nail permeability is however quite low and limits topical therapy to early/mild disease states such as onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nail). Current research on nail permeation that focuses on altering the nail plate barrier by means of chemical treatments, penetration enhancers as well as physical and mechanical methods is reviewed also the recent research into ungual drug delivery is reviewed, a new method of nail sampling is examined. Topical therapy is worth pursuing however, as local action is required in many nail disorders. Drug transport into the nail plate can be assisted by filing the nail plate before topical application of drug formulations as well as by the use of chemical enhancers. Finally limitations of current ungual drug permeability studies are briefly discussed and the factors, which affect drug uptake and permeation through the nail plate such as solute molecular size, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, charge, and the nature of the vehicle, are then discussed, and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that requires long-term or sometimes lifetime therapy. Anticonvulsant drugs are used in large quantities during long-term antiepileptic therapy and the treatment may be associated with various metabolic abnormalities in connective tissues, endocrine system and the liver. Recent evidence indicates that prolonged use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) particularly carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT) might modify some vascular risk factors; however, the influence of AED therapy on the development of atherosclerosis has been the subject of controversy and pretty unclear. Some epidemiological studies have reported a higher prevalence of ischemic vascular disease among epileptic patients on AEDs, while in other studies the mortality due to atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease in treated epileptics has been observed to be lower than in the general population. The etiology of atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases in epileptic patients has not been fully clarified. Atherosclerotic vascular alterations may start early in life, this review focuses on major atherogenic risk, including disordered lipid profiles, and increased lipoprotein (a) serum levels among epileptic...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers, (Guduchi) is an evergreen perennial climber. This deciduous and dioecious plant belongs to the family Menispermaceae. It is a plant of significant medicinal importance in the Indian system and designated as Rasayana. Its efficacy has been also recognized by the modern system of medicine. The whole plant is used medicinally however; the stem is approved for use in medicine. This is due to higher alkaloid content in the stems than in the leaves. This plant has been known to possess immunomodulatory, hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycaemic, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, diabetes...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Anxiety and depression is basically a disorder of the present modern world and its prevalence is seen increasing day by day. According to WHO, anxiety and depression will be the second largest cause of disability worldwide by year 2020. The major problem associated with this disorder is that common masses are unaware about this disorder and hence less than 25% of those affected have access to appropriate treatments. The medications currently used for treatment of this disorder are based on the earlier theories of anxiety and depression. These medications have many side effects as well as are associated with tolerance and dependence on prolonged usage. This article mainly focuses on the new theory involved in neurobiology of this disorder and drugs which can be developed on basis of the...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2013 in |
Recently, controlled and sustained drug delivery has become the standard in modern pharmaceutical design and an intensive research have been undertaken in achieving much better drug product effectiveness, reliability and safety. This interest has been sparked by the advantages shown by in situ gelforming drug delivery systems such as ease of administration and reduced frequency of administration, improved patient compliance and comfort. The formation of gels depends on factors like temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions and ultra violet irradiation, from which the drug gets released in a sustained and controlled manner. Various biodegradable polymers that are used for the formulation of in situ gels include gellan gum, alginic acid, xyloglucan, pectin, chitosan, poly(DL lactic acid), poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly-caprolactone. Mainly in situ gels are administered by oral, ocular, rectal, vaginal, injectable and intraperitoneal routes. In situ gel forming injectable drug delivery system is the ability to inject a drug incorporated into a polymer to a localized site and have the polymer form a semi-solid gel drug depot has...
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