Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2013 in |
Nasal route is found to be valuable for targeting drugs to CNS via different mechanisms. The advantages, disadvantages, varius aspects of nasal anatomy and physiology, mechanism of drug transport from nose brain, drug selection criteria to cross BBB/Blood-CSF barrier are discussed briefly. The relevant aspects of physicochemical, formulation and physiological factors of nasal cavity that must be considered during the process of discovery and development of new drugs for nasal delivery drugs as well as in their incorporation into appropriate nasal pharmaceutical formulations are discussed here. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microemulsion as carriers for drugs. Microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable transparent (or translucent) systems of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant with a droplet size usually in the range of 10-100 nm. They can be classified as oil-in-water (o/w), water-in-oil (w/o) or bicontinuous systems depending on their structure and are characterized by ultra-low interfacial tension between...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2013 in |
Substance abusers and drug addicts generally seek the fastest and most effective methods of getting high this means that drug delivery methods are important to users, and typically an addict will prefer one method over another. However, because there are a wide variety of drug delivery methods, substance abusers will often fluctuate between these techniques when the need arises. Understanding the different ways that people use drugs can aid in creating awareness and recognition skills to help combat drug abuse and...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2013 in |
The development of sound Analytical method(s) is of supreme importance during the process of drug discovery, release to market and development, culminating in a marketing approval. The objective of this paper is to review the method development, optimize and validation of the method for the drug product from the developmental stage of the formulation to commercial batch of the product. Method development for the interested component in finished product or in process tests and the sample preparation of drug product and to provide practical approaches for determining selectivity, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, range accuracy, precision, recovery solution stability, ruggedness, and robustness of liquid chromatographic methods to support the Routine, in process and stability...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2013 in |
Legumes are plants in the family Fabaceae characterized by seeds in pods that are often ediblethough sometimes poisonous. The nutrient content (protein, carbohydrate and micronutrients) of legumes contribute to address under-nutrition, especially protein-calorie malnutrition among children and nursing mothers in developing countries where supplementing cereal-based diets with legumes is suggested as one of the best solutions to protein calorie malnutrition. Anti-nutritional factors, in legumes, may limit their biological value and acceptance as a regular food item, yet they are readily removable and recent research has shown potential health benefits of some of these compounds; and hence, manipulation of processing conditions may be required to remove or reduce only those unwanted components. Moreover, legumes play a role in prevention, improvement and/or treatment of disease conditions such as, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer diseases (e.g breast and prostate cancers) and lowers blood cholesterol level. Most of these disease conditions are associated with over-nutrition and obesity and are considered as diseases of the rich. It is, therefore, claimed that including legumes in...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2013 in |
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are key players in cellular signal transduction events and have essential roles in cell growth, survival, differentiation and migration. Perturbations in protein tyrosine kinase activity have been implicated in a number of abnormalities, particularly cancer. Selective small molecule inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents targeting protein kinases involved in cancer and other diseases. The most dramatic clinical responses have been observed in cancer types that are strictly dependent on oncogenic kinases. In this case, targeting these kinases seems to be sufficient to provoke apoptotic response, thus limiting the process of tumorigenesis. Among tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®; Novartis) has demonstrated magnificent clinical efficacy in more than one type of cancer and received FDA approval for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Imatinib has set a paradigm for the treatment and management of CML as BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor. It binds kinase domain of PTK as an ATP-competitive inhibitor thus preventing the interaction with effector proteins and subsequent signaling pathway. Imatinib has...
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