Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Chromatography, although primarily a separation technique, is mostly employed in chemical analysis in which High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an extremely versatile technique where analytes are separated by passage through a column packed with micrometer-sized particles. Now a day reversed-phase chromatography is the most commonly used separation technique in HPLC. The reasons for this include the simplicity, versatility, and scope of the reversed-phase method as it is able to handle compounds of a diverse polarity and molecular mass. Reversed phase chromatography has found both analytical and preparative applications in the area of biochemical separation and purification. Molecules that possess some degree of hydrophobic character, such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids, can be separated by reversed phase chromatography with excellent recovery and resolution. This review covers the importance of RP-HPLC in analytical method development and their strategies along with brief knowledge of critical chromatographic parameters need to be optimized for an efficient method...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Nanotechnology is an advancing technology expected to bring revolutionary changes in the field of life sciences including drug delivery, diagnostics, nutraceuticals and biomedical for implants and prosthesis. The advance in nanotechnology helps in preparing newer formulations. One of the advancement in nanotechnology is the preparation of proniosomes. A comprehensive research has done on proniosomes as a drug carrier for transdermal delivery in last few years. Approaches to stabilize niosomal drug delivery system without affecting its properties of merits have resulted in the development of the promising drug carrier, proniosomes. Proniosomes is dry formulation using suitable carrier coated with non-ionic surfactants and can be converted into niosomes immediately before use by hydration. These proniosome derived niosomes are as good as or even better than conventional niosomes. The focus of this review is to bring out different aspects related to proniosomes preparation, characterization, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, applications and...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Hydrogels are the 3 dimensional cross linked polymeric networks which absorb the water 10-20 times of its molecular weight. Hydrogels are sensitive to different environmental stimuli like pH, temperature, ion, electric signals, light, pressure, antigen specific, enzyme sensitive, and glucose levels. When the environment is get change they get swell, and swelling is the most important characteristics for release of drug through hydrogel devices, and release by either diffusion or swelling or chemically controlled. These stimuli sensitive hydrogel used in delivery of drug through various routs like oral, ophthalmic parenteral drug, nasal TDDS, and also in novel drug delivery like in nanoparticles. Now a day’s stimuli sensitive hydrogels are also used in administration of DNA. Most widely stimuli sensitive hydrogels used are pH and temperature sensitive hydrogels because in body wide pH range available so it is used for targeted drug delivery. Hydrogels that are responsive to specific molecules, such as glucose or antigens, can be used as biosensors as well as drug delivery...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
In the past few years, the US Food and Drug Administration has issued more warning letters, import alert & seizure to manufacturers of finished product for violation of the current good manufacturing practice regulation. Indian and US Pharmaceutical Manufacturer’s Warning letter from the FDA’s Electronic Reading Room were selected as case study and was analyzed for non-compliance of GMP with 21 CFR 211 and inspection systems. A detailed review of selected Indian and US Pharmaceutical Manufacturer warning letters provides a numbers of useful insights into where the FDA is presently focusing, where Indian Pharmaceutical Manufacturer having lack of compliance and at where Indian Pharmaceutical Manufacturer having stringent compliance. Reviewed and analyzed letters shows that the FDA is taking a more systemic based approach to assessing GMP compliance and paying close attention to such area as the Quality System. Based on review and analysis of selected Warning letter’s deficiencies, I believe that pharmaceutical companies, by carefully assessing FDA GMP warning letters from the past year & base on this assessment...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Erythrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human body (~5.4 million cells/mm3 blood in a healthy male and ~ 4.8 million cells/mm3 blood in a healthy female) having potential carrier capabilities for the delivery of drugs and drug loaded microspheres. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes are prepared simply by collecting blood samples from the organism of interest, separating erythrocytes from plasma, entrapping drug in the erythrocytes, and resealing the resultant cellular carriers. Encouraging the use of erythrocytes in drug delivery include various advantages like as remarkable degree of biocompatibility, Complete biodegradability, lack of toxic product, controllable life-span, decreasing drug side effects etc. So many drugs like aspirin, steroid, cancer drug which having many side effects are reduce by resealed erythrocyte. Biopharmaceuticals, therapeutically significant peptides and proteins, nucleic acid-based biologicals, antigens and vaccines, are among the recently focused pharmaceuticals for being delivered using carrier erythrocytes. In this review we discuss about Resealing of erythrocytes, various techniques of drug loading and it’s applications in various fields of human and veterinary...
Read More
