Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Conformational analysis is an important step in molecular modeling as it is necessary to reduce time spent in screening of compounds for activity. Most drugs are flexible molecules with the ability to adopt different conformations by means of rotation about single bonds. Conformations play an important role in prediction of not just physico-chemical properties but also the biological activity of the drug. This review details the various methods involved in conformational analysis. The major objective of conformational analysis is to gain insight on conformational characteristic of drugs and also to identify the relation between the role of conformational flexibility and their...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
According to FDA estimates about 10% of all drugs sold worldwide are counterfeit. Annual global trade in counterfeit goods is estimated to be $600 billion and growing. Counterfeit goods and drugs leads real threat to consumer safety as well as loss of companies brand value and profits. Till date, dosage authentication required forensic analysis in a laboratory which is a slow process involving application of sophisticated equipment. Now days to avoid counterfeiting of products many companies are coming with various techniques of product authentication. One of the newest, innovative securities ways is by applying micro-tags to the dosage. Unlike forensic systems, micro tags can provide quick, reliable, economical identification and authentication of a drug product in the field within a few minutes, without destroying the product. Not only this much, end-users also can monitor the tags with a simple, inexpensive, hand-held detection system. Each tag is unique and cannot be reverse-engineered by a counterfeiter. Micro-tag provides safe, easily implementable, reliable means of authentication of...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In USA three persons out of five will develop some type of cancer. Beyond these statistics of mortality, the morbidity due to cancer presents a real scary picture. Last 50 years of research has rendered some types of cancer curable, but still the major fear factor associated with this disease is unchanged. Animal models are classified according to the method of induction of cancer in the animal. Spontaneous tumor models are the most primitive models. Although these models show good resemblance to the natural disease in humans, they were not capable of keeping pace with developing experimental therapeutics programs. It has therefore been necessary to take a further step towards artificiality, away from the clinical problem in the search for satisfactory testing method. From this step, the journey of artificially induced tumor models started. It is possible to induce cancer reproducibly in animals by exposing them to various agents and now, by transplanting tumor cells or tissue. The development of...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Mental illness constitutes the second-largest disease burden in the United States. Psychosis is one of the most common and severe mental illnesses. It is an extremely devastating condition characterised by delusions, hallucinations, distortion of thoughts and deteriorating social functioning experiences. Psychosis in all human societies has approximately same incidence of occurrence as in accordance to “anthropo-parity principle.” It has large economic impact on various aspects of cognition, health, and quality of life which has devastated effects on its sufferers and facing them large economic burden. Psychosis (Schizophrenia) is associated with an imbalance of the dopaminergic system, entailing hyper-stimulation of dopamine function in the brain, particularly in the mesolimbic pathway. Consequences of antipsychotic treatment are far reaching and expensive. Detrimental extrapyramidal side effects associated with conventional antipsychotics and non-compliance among patients limits long term treatment with conventional antipsychotics. It gives rise to a new class, atypical antipsychotics owning low propensity to cause EPS, efficacy against refractory cases and better control over negative symptoms, better tolerance and compliance along with lower...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
The treatment of cancer is limited by a number of factors including the low therapeutic index of most chemotherapeutic agents, the emergence of drug- and radiation-resistant tumor cells, tumor heterogeneity and the presence of metastatic disease. One of the means to improve the therapeutic index of drugs is by selective or ‘targeted’ delivery to tumor sites. Tumor-directed therapy has the potential to improve efficacy, by increasing the intratumoral concentration of the targeted agent, and to minimize toxicity by reducing systemic exposure. So far some degree of site-selective delivery has been achieved only with “targeting homing drugs” that specifically recognize their pharmacological target. The specificity of delivery using nanoparticles was initially a coincidental property, active targeting has now become a central concept in cancer therapeutic research. This concept has been developed into practical application using a variety of tumor targeting ligands. This review briefly summarizes the ever increasing evidence to the use of proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), Affibody molecules, albumin, transferrin and peptides such as...
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