Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2012 in |
Crinums occupy an important position within plants of family Amaryllidaceae, and many of them have been broadly used in traditional and ethnomedicines throughout the world. Due to their richness in bioactive phytoconstituents, Crinums have been subjected to extensive chemical, cytological and pharmacological investigations that focused chiefly on their alkaloidal content. Continuing our appraisal about the results of phytochemical, biological and toxicological studies on Crinums and after considering lycorine- and crinine-alkaloids as the major classes in its two previous parts; the current part of our review work draws attention to members of the other less common alkaloidal classes as well as the new types that are not common in the...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2012 in |
In the past three decades, monoclonal antibodies have become increasingly important class of disease modifying drugs for numerous indications including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and viral infections. Antibody therapy can be used in a variety of ways either alone or combination with cytotoxic compounds. Molecular antibody engineering technologies coupled with advances allow the generation of better antibodies with fully human sequence and optimized function thereby increases the antibody efficacy. Recombinant antibodies and its fragments have been fused to radioisotopes, drugs, toxins, enzymes and antibody-directed pre-targeting followed by prodrug activation (ADEPT) has an alternative strategies for promising therapy of cancer. Various monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been developed and approved as immunotherapeutic agents. This review briefly describes new development of antibodies and immunoconjugates for broader...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2012 in |
Impurity is something that is impure or makes something else impure. An impure substance may be defined as follows: a substance of interest mixed or impregnated with an extraneous or usually inferior substance, from the standpoint of its usage, the drug substance is compromised in terms of purity even if it contains another material with superior pharmacological or toxicological properties. The impurity may be developed either during formulation, or upon aging of both API’s and formulated API’s in medicines. The presence of these unwanted chemicals, even in small amount, may influence the efficacy and safety of the pharmaceutical products. The impurities are not necessarily always inferior. Highly sophisticated instrumentation, such as mass spectra meters attached to a Gas Chromatography or HPLC, are inevitable tools in the identification of minor components (drugs, impurities, degradation products, metabolites) in various matrices. Present article reveals different impurities found in the API’s, methods for identifying them and the possible measures to deal with the interferences caused by them in pharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2012 in |
The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is around 20-30% in the general population. NAFLD is usually asymptomatic, although a minority of patients may present with evidence of progressive liver injury with complications of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In spite of being common and potentially serious, relatively little is known about the natural history or prognostic significance of NAFLD. The management focuses upon modifying metabolic risk factors. Insulin-sensitizing and hepatoprotective drugs have been subjected to study trials, but up till now, no agent has conclusively been established to prevent disease...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2012 in |
Vaccine development has continuously shifted away from live attenuated or inactivated whole organisms. Although this approach having good efficacy but for improvement on comparison of risk/benefit ratio which needs improvement due to their highly complex compositions which result in safety concerns. As a consequence, a number of indications remained unadressed. The next generation vaccines represented as subunit vaccines, whereby the only pathogens fragments used which are relevant in inducing protective immunity. For the successful subunit vaccination two major key requirements are safe carrier and adjuvant system, since the small, isolated pathogen fragments themselves are generally weak immunogens. Pevion’s virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine technology, called virosomes, and their design is specifically for the development of safe and effective subunit vaccines. Virosomes based vaccination has already been approved in more than 40 countries, including for elderly and infants. It is successful in solid regulatory & safety track record as well as the feasibility of production upscaling. The outstanding profile with combined efficacy and safety of virosomes-based vaccines are known for its...
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